Inflation and its Causes

All the substance regarding this report has been explained with uphill struggle and care. This write up has demonstrated in easy mode and is understandable by the reader. It will provide the intramural and threshold aura to read and it will cover all the requisites and proviso. One of the aesthetic and charming characteristics of this project is this, that it is composed and genial. ABSTRACT The capability of financial analysis over inflation effect on employment has been highly accentuated. This analysis has been acknowledged as the means through which the livelihood and other progressing goals of the routine matters can be enquired.This report delves into the financial analysis through relationship between inflation and employment of a country like Pakistan. Statistical analysis with reference to previous year's data provided by State Bank of Pakistan, inflation in the usual course of events with the help of examples. The verdict about financial analysis may facilitate policy maker s, employment agencies, organization to ascertain, existing cooperation's and besides customary the genteel maneuver to improve their lifestyle all over the country.METHODOLOGY Aspects about inflation relationship with employment in the country has been piled p by means of primary sources by interviewing Muslim Commercial Bank garden Town Branch in the Lahore; this was the part of our information collecting activity. Secondary information has been congregated through different economies, financial management and other books, internet sites of state bank of Pakistan, finance base sites in Pakistan, exiting reports on financial analysis and generals related to employment and inflation.Our foremost endeavor was to compile and evaluate all relevant information with reference to employment and inflation in Pakistan and to Judge against this analysis with standard set by international market. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Role of Financial management in the improvement process continues to be a t the vanguard of strategy contest not only in this part of the world (Pakistan) but also in other countries. Most of the specifics about Financial Management Analysis have been renowned in the entire world.The compensation allege for Financial Analysis are infinite, containing calculated interest rate, installments, present value of future position of company in the market, ratio comparison, shares and bonds value calculation, money flow, decision making with respect to financial condition of a organization, budget making (is one of the most beneficial process through which we can easily access our resources), and above all calculating economic strengthened in country.By and large the premeditated role of financial management is perceived as accelerating the accomplishment of wider economic and social aspiration. Capitalist from all over the world suggests that financial management performing efficient role as participate by production and other departments in accomplish the eventu al target of a firms. TABLE OF CONTENT Executive Summary Inflation Causes of Inflation Inflation and its EffectsInflation and its Impact Economic Factors of Inflation Non-Economic Factors of Inflation Temporary Effects Permanent Effects Review 16 Theories about Employment 07 10 11 09 Fisher Effect 12 14 18 Relationship between Employment & Inflation 25 International Condition in Inflation Conclusion Appendix -Article 33 37 -Inflation Rates of Previous Years & Graphs 15 Employment 20 26 38 -Employment Rates Comparison EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 39 Our Project â€Å"Inflation and the Employment† basically contains the answer to this question â€Å"What is the Inflation†.What are the basic meanings of inflation and what re the meanings of inflation according to the economics point of view. What are the factors by which inflation rises? Inflation's effects which it create on the overall economy. It also describes the theories of famous economist â€Å"Fisher† about inflation . And how â€Å"Fisher† theories effect the inflation of overall economy. Then this project describes economic, non-economic, factors of inflation and its temporary and permanent effects on economy. Its effects on employment and how employment can be disturbed by the inflation.Different theories of different economists are considerate to get a clear ND better understanding of inflation. This project clears the relationship between inflation and employment through graphs. Then we presented conclusion of the project. In appendix project covers an article about inflation and employment rates of previous years & graphs and their comparison. INFLATION Definition Inflation is a process in which the average level of prices increases at a substantial rate over a considerable period over time.In short, more money is required to buy a given amount of goods and services. One can measure the rate of inflation as either he annual percentage rate increase in the average price level or decr ease in the value of money. There are many causes of inflation, but in general we can divide them to the one at the demand-side and the one at the supply side of the economics. Demand pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand exceeds existing supply, forcing price increases and pulling up wages, materials, and operating and financial costs.Cost- push inflation when price rises to cover total expenses and preserve profit margins. A pervasive cost-price spiral eventually develops as group and institutions respond to ACH other new round of increases. Deflation, as a reverse process, occurs when the spiral effects reversed. Even though today's inflation is more of a mix between these two basic inflation causes and inflation inertia, this is a good classification to start with. Effects of Inflation Effect of inflation, on other hand is a many layered as its causes.Inflation is usually thought as a negative phenomenon on the basis of traditional experiences with hyperinflation, but more exact analyses of the inflation effects have shown that they depend on the form of inflation and situation in national economy. One there no longer simplistically speak of effects of inflation. Despite the progress in understanding this phenomenon, there are still many subjects unclear and need consideration: potentially also advantages (benefits). Besides advantages and disadvantages of inflation, we also have to take into account costs of disinflation.Decisions of stabilizing economics policy for or against the disinflation depend on results of a two- fold cost-benefit analysis. Results from inflation-effects analysis are important component of explaining inflation, because inflation can be politically desired caused) for its potential net benefits. Costs and benefits of inflation essentially depend on whether it is fully or only partially anticipated. Important regulation factors are also individual institutional circumstances, such as presence of index and revision clauses in l ong-term contracts.Caused by economic effects, non-economic effects of inflation can also appear, like tax-refusal, citizen's reluctance, strikes etc. Different situations in national economy can lead to different effects of inflation. These situations of inflation as well as effects of inflation will be presented in the following research. INFLATION AND ITS IMPACT Lets us take an example of an economical participant (firm) that borrow a long-term loan worth of 10,000 RSI at fixed interest rate and annual annuity of 1,000 RSI. Let us assume now that an unexpected inflation doubles price and wages.Real worth of the wages has not changed, since the price also doubles (for double nominal wage this economic participant can now buy the same amount of goods and services as before), but the real worth of the annual annuity of his loan decreased. Nominal annual annuity is still 1,000 RSI, but the economic participant (borrower) has to work for that mount only half as much as before the infl ation occurred. Hence the real worth of his annual annuity cut in two; the borrower increased his wealth, whilst the lender decreased his real income.The other way around happens in a case of disinflation or even deflation, where the real worth of annual annuity of a loan increases and the borrower wealth decreases (lenders wealth increases). This kind of outcome occurs if the inflation has been stable for several years (inflation rate has neither increased nor decreased) and it increased suddenly, which means that it was not anticipated. However, if the increase in inflation is expected (on basis of different data about movement of economic variables in national economy and global markets), economic participants (individuals, firms, banks etc. Anticipate this increase. This means that the interest rates financial and capital markets will rise according to the inflation rate increase. Fisher's Effect: Where â€Å"in† is nominal rate, â€Å"r† is real interest rate and are inflation expectations. This expression is also known as the Fisher's effect and it shows that the negative effect of anticipated inflation on real money demanded is already included in nominal interest rate. When market interest rate accommodates to the inflation expectations, then the effect on income and wealth are mainly eliminated.Beside redistribution of income, inflation also has real effects on national economy. On one hand it affects output (GAP), which is a macroeconomic effect and on the other it affects allocation of resources in national economy and economic efficiency, which is a microeconomic effect. Anticipation and Balance All this factors cause the so-called inflation cost. On the other hand, it has already been stated that inflation can lead to some benefits. In order to analyze these effects more precisely, two characteristics of inflation or behavior of economic participants have to be defined.Inflation can be anticipated or unanticipated, which means that i t is/it is not built into all economic relations (contracts). Inflation can be balanced or unbalanced, which means that all price rise/do not rise with the same rate (relative price remain/don not remain unchanged). In reality these characteristics of inflation and behavior of economic participants combine and cause different economic situations, which are presented in the following table. Economic Effects of Inflation To summarize, we can divide effects of inflation into two groups; an economic and non-economic effects.We could also understand them as costs (advantages) and benefits (disadvantages) of inflation to a national economy. Economic effects are as follow: Income effect; by these effects we understand deviation of growth rate of the GAP its natural growth rate, caused by inflation. They don't include feasible shrinks in the natural growth rate of the GAP. Employment effect; which are in strong connection with income effects. Hence they are usually defined as difference tee n natural and actual rate of unemployment.Distribution effect; of which two are traditionally subjects of practical research and scientific analysis: effect of inflation on distribution of income and effect of inflation on distribution of wealth. Allocation effect; which are the most obvious with money (cash); in term of high inflation people (economic participants) want to get rid of money because real interest rate is usually negative and their demand for other assets increase. Price of inputs for production that are based on long-term contracts cannot rise as high inflation rate either; therefore missed investments are a common phenomenon.Theses are all allocation effects of inflation, also known as microeconomic effects. Effects on economic growth; connection between inflation and natural growth of the GAP definitely exists (at least on short term), but it is still for the most part unsolved. Phenomena, such as barter trade, parallel economy (also known as â€Å"grey economy') and corruption can appear or intensify and they all decrease natural growth rate of the GAP. These effects of inflation are also known as macroeconomic effects and are n strong connection with allocation (microeconomic) effects.Non-economic effects of inflation are caused by economic effects and are the following: tax-refusal, citizen's reluctance, strikes, revolts; rising etc. These effects are not a part of our research. Employment Effects of Inflation Employment effects are usually defined as difference between natural and actual rate of unemployment and are therefore in strong connection with income effects of inflation. That deviates of growth rate of GAP below its natural growth rate, caused by inflation.That is why these two types of inflation effects are examined together. Income and employment effects of inflation are known in two forms as temporary and permanent effects. Phases of Inflation Inflation usually passes over three typical phases: at first it is accelerated, the n it is steady (stabilized) and at last it decelerates. Temporary effects are mainly connected with accelerated and decelerated inflation, hence these two Phases are assumed to last for a shorter time, while permanent effects are connected with steady (stabilized) inflation.Employment and income effects of inflation are mainly temporary phenomena that last only as long as inflation is not yet fully anticipated. Whether these effects have positive or negative consequences for a national economy depends on the stage in which inflation is discovered and situation in which economy found. Let us examine two inevitable types of inflation now: accelerated and decelerated inflation. Accelerated Inflation Accelerated acceleration is often accompanied by income and employment effect (inflation-accompanied prosperity).However, these effects can only be expected, when the increase of inflation rate is caused by monetary demand-pull and induced supply-push is delayed (a time-lag has to emerge be tween decreased monetary emend-pull and induced supply-push). If the growth rate of the money volume in the further course of adaptation process remains unchanged, positive real effects are only temporary, because of the subsequent supply-push, induced expectations and wage bargaining.Real inflation effects can only be realized, if growth rate of the money supply rises continuously and by that stable inflation acceleration is provoked. Thus means that there can no longer be any applicable long-term trade-off between given inflation rate and unemployment rate. Decelerated Inflation there are quite common with decelerated inflation. Necessary prerequisite for a lasting decrease in inflation speed is a tight monetary-policy authorities are confident in their knowledge of the amount of tightening that is needed, they can move quickly to the required higher level for interest rates.However, to extend that there is more uncertainty on the effects of monetary policy changes, due to the dev elopment of financial markets, it argues for implementing a more gradualist approach. Such uncertainty could increase the risk that a strong policy action might lead to undesirable outcomes. Gradualist strategy central banks sacrifice the speed with which their target is obtained in order to avoid overshooting the target. The degree if gradualism will be dictated by other considerations, such as central banks anti- inflationary credibility.If it is poor, there is heightened risk that a gradual policy response would increase inflation expectations. Anti-inflation Economic Policy Policies of gradualism create stress between preemptive and reactive moves. An increase risk of â€Å"falling behind the curve† suggests that a gradualist policy may needed to be followed by more aggressive moves, if events appear to be turning out differently than expected. E. G. F health were to weaken the effect of higher interest rates, at the same time that wealth effects were stimulating consumpt ion, monetary policy would face an increasing risk of â€Å"falling behind the curve†.These tensions raise the importance of the monetary authorities, credibility and transparency. If inflation expectation is well anchored, policy actions will be more effective and thus the size of any move to achieve a given objective is likely to be smaller. A credible commitment to low inflation thus provides some insurance against â€Å"falling behind the curve†. Transparency reduces the risk that policy changes will destabilize arrests.Such a strategy would allow markets to adjust their anticipations appropriately and in this way, the risk of a disorderly adjustment of asset prices can be reduced. Permanent Effects If we presume that inflation was on long-term correctly expected and completely anticipated and that there was no wage bargaining, the (long-term) curve of aggregate supply growth SSL and the (long-term) Philips curve PACK in the presented basic model become vertical fu nctions of natural income-level growth rate as well as natural unemployment rate. Note: Donation Beta represents anticipation coefficient.Friedman-Phelps Hypothesis: This corresponds to the so-called Friedman-Phelps hypothesis, by which no income and employment effects can appear with completely anticipated inflation, I. E. Each on short term possible trade-off vanishes on long-term and income-growth rate as well as unemployment rate preserve on its natural level. Reacts to such policy (with downward correction of price level), the higher are inflation costs (expenses of such inflation fighting) and danger of premature collapse of tight monetary policy increases. Anti-inflation policy therefore has to keep inflation cost as low as possible, I. . T has to pursue an adaptation path that is close to SSL as well as PACK as it can be to achieve this, anti-inflation policy has to include well- measured and above all continuous decrease of money-supply growth rate and a series of accompany measures for adaptation of expectations and for softening the wage bargaining. Effect on output stabilization may well be positive and the same is true for overall social welfare, but we cannot forget that uncertainty about the policymakers preference leads to a higher inflationary bias and also inflationary cost.EMPLOYMENT The inadequacy of public employment as a source of additional Jobs are generally understood, and it is recognized that the use of this expedient is â€Å"to some extent a desperation measure†, the current employment program relies mainly on the stimulation of the private economy by means of an inflationary tax cut, the only other tool that is now regarded as being available for the purpose. The deliberate use of inflation as a means of increasing business activity and employment is based on J. M.Keynes' economic theories, and to see Just how our present findings apply to this situation, it will first be desirable to have a clear idea as to Just what Keyne s' contentions with respect to employment actually are. His theory was developed as an alternate to the so-called â€Å"classical† theory of employment, the previously orthodox economic doctrine in this field, and his explanations are expressed mainly in terms of contrast with the earlier views†. The classical theory of employment†, he says, â€Å"has been based†¦ On two fundamental postulates†¦ Namely: The wage is equal to the marginal product of labor. The utility of the wage when a given volume of labor is employed is equal to the marginal disability of that â€Å"amount of employment. † Translating the second postulate from the professional Jargon of the economist to the Renaults, he arrives at this alternative, and more understandable, statement: â€Å"That is to say, the real wage of an employed person is that which is Just sufficient (in the estimation of the employed persons themselves) to induce the volume of labor actually employed to be forthcoming†.Keynes accepts the first of these two postulates but denies the second. The most fundamental objection to this proposition, he says, is that it involves â€Å"the assumption that the general level of real analysis he shows that this assumption is erroneous, and he arrives at the same inclusion reached in the present analysis; that is, the general level of real wages is fixed by factors which operate independently of the bargaining process, and it is not altered by any manipulation of money wages.According to Keynes, the â€Å"classical† economists' basic mistake in their analysis of the employment situation is a result of their explicit or tacit acceptance of Says Law of Markets, a principle formulated by J. B. Say, one of the early French economists, which asserts that in so far as the price paid by the buyer is income for the seller, the act of production creates all of the archiving power required to buy the product. Keynes termed this principle â₠¬Å"an optical illusion, which makes two essentially different activities appear to be the same†.By virtue of its acceptance of this law, â€Å"The classical theory assumes that the collective demand price always accommodates it self to the aggregate supply price. Effective demand, instead of having a unique equilibrium value is an infinite range of values all equally admissible; and the amount of employment is indeterminate except in so far as the marginal disability of labor sets an upper limit. If this were rue, competition between entrepreneurs would always lead to an expansion of employment up to the point at which the supply of output as a whole ceases to be elastic†.Thus Says Law, Keynes contends, â€Å"is equivalent to the proposition that there is no obstacle to full employment†. Since there obviously is some obstacle to full employment, and since the ability to manipulate the real wage level assumed by the classical theory does not actually exist, Keynes rejected that theory and formulated a new concept in which for a given â€Å"propensity to consume† and a given rate of new investment. There will be only one level of employment consistent with equilibrium†.He summarized his new concept in these words: The outline of our theory can be expressed as follows. When employment increases, aggregate real income is increased. The psychology of the community is such that when aggregate real income is increased aggregate consumption is increased, but not by as much as income†¦ Thus, to Justify any given amount of employment there must be an amount of current investment sufficient to absorb the excess of total output over what the community chooses to consume when employment is at the given level.Here, then, we have Keynes' employment theory, as presented by its author, together with his explanation of the principal points of conflict between his ideas and the theoretical outlook shared by most of his predecessors: the â₠¬Å"classical† theory. This classical theory is a wage theory; that is, it is based on supply and demand reasoning applied to the price of labor. Since a lower price, according to the classical ideas, will increase the demand that is, the number of Jobs – there would appear to be no obstacle to full employment if the workers are willing to accept the appropriate wage.But the adherents of this viewpoint are victims of that unquestioning confidence in the universal applicability of the supply and demand principles that so often leads economists to apply these principles to issues which are not supply and demand problems at all. Considerations of supply and demand are not applicable to any situation unless the price is variable, and as Keynes has emphasized, the real wage rate, the true price of labor, is fixed by external factors (the factors that determine the rate of productivity) and cannot be arbitrarily changed.

Police Departments

Predictive policing refers to any policing strategy that develops and uses advanced analysis and information to inform future thinking crime prevention. COMPSTAT (short form of COMPuter STATistics) is a systematic computerized way of using the GIS (short form of Geographic Information Systems) to map crime trends and identify problems. It was introduced in 1994 by NYC Commissioner William Bratton to address the high crime rate in New York City.In this paper we are going to compare and contrast the application of information technology to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. We are also going to show how COMPSTAT as an IS implements the basic IS functions; and how IS have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crime faster. Lastly, in this paper the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police departments that intend to implement pr edictive policing will also appear.Predictive Policing To build the comparison and contrast the application of IT to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets first we have to find out what kind of information technology is available to police today. Predictive policing, or programs such as COMPSTAT, is taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime.Charlie Beck, chief of the Los Angeles Police Department writes â€Å"The predictive vision moves law enforcement from focusing on what will happen and how to effectively deploy resources in front of the crime, thereby changing outcomes,† (Predictive Policing: The Future of Law Enforcement, NIJ, 2012) Predictive policing focuses on five elements and they are Integrated information and operations: Large police departments maintain lots of databases and its unusual to see these computer systems joined together to allow effective analysis.It is unlikely that other information sources, such as gunshot detection systems are linked into police analytical or fusion centers. Finally, police departments do not link their operations and information systems to other parts of the justice system or social services system. So, Poor information sharing prevents good analysis and investigation and can wreck efforts to intervene with individuals to stop the cycle of violence. The best way to look at the future and act appropriately is to have a complete picture of the current situation.It is a must for police to integrate their information systems to enable situational awareness. Seeing the big picture: Prevention is important as response, and every incident is an information-gathering opportunity. Few crimes are unusual incidents. Most crime is part of a sequence of criminal activity and social issues. This means that police need to be able to recognize these patterns in societies. So, to save their valuable time and energy it is necessary to build police organizations to use information to see the big picture patterns of what is going on around them.Cutting-edge analysis and technology: This element is as straight forward as it sounds. Police departments have lots of information but their analysis is not so strong. Tomorrow's forward-thinking department must depend on good information that has been fully analyzed. With the appropriate tools police analysts must analyze the information and turn into usable products for the officers. Predictive analysis may include tools that link people or activities, visualization of complex interrelationships, deal with terrorism as well as domestic violence or id theft and many more.Morally, with the vast available tools and technology police departments should learn how to use them. Linkage to performance: It is necessary to track police performance. However, it is also important to track performance targets and crime trends. The new technology helps police to place themselves into the situations instead of being limited to past situations. It is important for police to be able to recognize these criminal developments before they become a threat for public. Adaptability to changing conditions:This  element describes how flat-networked organization, training in how to adapt to strategies based on information and high professional standards are needed. This generates a number of comments, including the need for a reward structure based on how officers use information provided by crime analysts and on the fundamental lack of technological understanding within police departments. The COMPSTAT is a management process or program within a performance management framework that synthesizes analysis of disorder data and crime, strategic problem solving, and a clear accountability structure.It is a systematic computerized way of using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map crime trends and identify problems. It was introduced in 1994 by New York City Commissioner William Bratton to address the high crime rate in New York City. We can compare the four (4) COMPSTAT principles with the four basic information system (IS) functions. The first COMPSTAT principle is â€Å"accurate and timely intelligence†, which is close to the first basic IS function input. The second one is â€Å"effective tactics† which parallels with processing, second basic IS function.Last two principles are â€Å"rapid deployment† and â€Å"relentless follow-up and assessment† parallels with output and feedback respectively. Below we are explaining four COMPSTAT principles: COMPSTAT has increased the intellectual capacity of the police department to react efficiently to crime a lot. This proves that how IS have allowed police department to respond to crime faster with the tools like COMPSTAT. To understanding our Strengths and Weaknesses, and for identifying and analyzi ng both the Opportunities and the Threats, SWOT analysis is a very useful technique.For police department internal analyses are strengths and weaknesses and external analyses are opportunities and threats. The strengths of this system are â€Å"police department manual revised in its entirety to today’s current best practices, clear mission statement to guide the department, professional public image, established and proven training program for new officers, police trainers and new drug crime investigators, new testing process for police officer position, and thorough background investigations for officer candidates† (2008 Assessment of the Duluth Police Department) and so on.The weaknesses in this system are â€Å"police headquarters old, outdated, lacks adequate space and is not secure, inadequate training budget, difficulty recruiting minority, informal leaders/ dissidents, need for addition sworn and civilian staff† (2008 Assessment of the Duluth Police Depa rtment) and so on. There are obviously many opportunities and threats.Here are some for opportunities: â€Å"re-establish the juvenile bureau to effect change on youth, field based reporting, opportunity to educate the public every day in crime prevention, target hardening† (2008 Assessment of the Duluth Police Department) etc. and for threats: â€Å"no computer crimes unit to handle to proliferation of today’s computer crime, turnover of newer officers leaving the department for other law enforcement agencies† (2008 Assessment of the Duluth Police Department) etc.

Theoretical framework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theoretical framework - Research Paper Example There are three key theories that seek to explain business ethics. The stockholder theory expounds on the fact that businesses are only obligated to earn profits for their stakeholders and are not necessarily indebted to the wider society (Shafritz, Ott and Jang, 2005). This theory holds the premise that a company is only morally obligated to fulfill the expectations of the people who invest in it. The social contract theory, on the other hand, which is another business social theory, stipulates that all companies function under a tacitly understood contract with the community they are established in. Business decisions are often affected by the social theory that is supported a company. For instance, if a small company was approached with a buyout offer by a larger organization that is known for its unethical practices, the stakeholder theory would support its consideration of how its stakeholders would gain from its agreement to this contract (Shafritz, Ott, and Jang, 2005). Howeve r, the social contract theory would call for the consideration of how the bigger companies operations would affect the entire community. Business Economic Theories Business economic theories seek to explain how businesses function in local and international financial systems. The business cycles theory holds that during a business cycle course, an economy develops, reaches a definite peak, and then experiences a downturn which is then followed by a recession prior to beginning another upturn. Another business economic theory, the "under-consumption" theory, holds that an excessive amount of income is directed to the wealthier classes instead of being channeled into investments that will create more opportunities for the disenfranchised groups in society (Shafritz, Ott and Jang, 2005). This can result in social instability. Business Educational Theories Business education management theories are basically the foundation of any operational and productive businesses, and seek to explai n how the organizations of different eras have been organized. The classical management theory is a theory that seeks to explain the best way for employees to execute their responsibilities. It is divided into the classic administrative and classical scientific branches. The classical scientific division mainly has to do with scientific mindset of boosting productivity (Shafritz, Ott, and Jang, 2005). Later management theories which moved from concentrating on the division of tasks to the issues that affect employees, were based on concepts such as those espoused by Abraham Maslow; who theorized that all workers possess a hierarchy of needs that needs to be acknowledged and catered to so that they can experience satisfaction with their lives. The Japanese scholar, Dr. William Ouchi, would create the Japanese Management Style which supports Maslow’s hierarchy in its assertion that even though it is natural for employees to want to work, all jobs should be created with the aim of keeping workers happy by means of fulfilling their psychological needs. Business Leadership Theories In business organizations, good managers will inspire their workers and assist them to realize their personal as well as professional objectives. Business leaders accomplish this by using various leadership theories. The trait theory holds that leaders who have characteristics such as openness, intelligence, self-efficacy, adjustment

Computer Technology Opens a World of Work to Disabled People Essay

Computer Technology Opens a World of Work to Disabled People - Essay Example Advancement in technology provides access at home jobs like customer services and phone sales. Many disabled people are willing to work and actively seek employment that suits their needs as laborers. Computer technology makes employment for the disabled more convenient and more likely. Some computer software includes speech software that types the spoken words of the user, software that allows using a keyboard to surf the Internet instead of a mouse, and other software. Advancement in computer software and technology can provide job opportunities for disabled workers. There are limitations to the amount of work a disable person can perform. These limitations include not only health limitations but also finance limitations. In order to keep disability benefits, a disabled laborer must not make more than $860 a month. Providing disabled laborers with employment opportunities will create financial stability on top of usual disability benefits. Computer technology can cause and increase in the number of available jobs for disabled workers. An increase in jobs could in turn increase the number of disabled laborers currently on the work force. Company that have hired the disabled have been pleased with the loyalty of workers. The disabled are looking for employment available to them and when found there are few other opportunities for them to seek another employer. Employers should do their best to accommodate and hire disabled worker in their companies. The topic of adaptive technology for the employment of disabled workers is very important to me. Disabled people have the right to work if they are able just like any other person in the world. Most disabled people have a desire to work but employers are unable to accommodate their disability. Technological advances can bring jobs to the home instead creating more work for disabled laborers. I have had many experiences in my life that has lead me to become interested in adaptive technology for the disabled in the workplace. Many disabled people have a desire to work but are limited in the amount of work or type of work. A friend of mine has a cousin with Muscular Dystrophy. Muscular Dystrophy is a disease that causes muscle degeneration. By the time, her cousin was the age of ten; he could no longer walk and had to use a wheel chair. Currently he has limited movement in his fingers and neck providing little opportunity for him to join the workforce. This did not stop him from finding a job to do using adaptive technology. The Muscular Dystrophy foundation provide him with a computer that he could command by a voice synthesizer and he developed his own business creating address labels. Adaptive technology made employment possible for this disabled person. Another friend had a problem with generalized anxiety disorder, which caused her to get panic attacks every time she was in a crowd, or had to deal with unruly customers, or face any type of criticism from an employer, customer, or teacher. With the help of a computer, my friend was able to find a job as a writer, dealing with customers via the Internet instead of face to face. The distances caused panic attacks to be more manageable because she could walk away

Assignment 9 - Resumes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 9 - Resumes - Essay Example To make use of and expand my full potential with an opportunity for professional growth based on performance. To make the most of every opportunity those comes and make it an achievement. I intend to build a career with top environmental corporate with dedicated and committed people. To make sure I leave behind a positive impact in whichever company that I work in. KEY COMPETENCES Excellent communication skills both oral and written Good leadership, organisational and teamwork skills. High level of professionalism. Active listener – Willing to learn and listen Good interpretation of complex data (Trigonometry, Geometry). Flexible, and able to move around from place to place in duty. Good innovative thinking capabilities. Physical Stamina for Outdoor Work Actively creative with continual acquisition of new skills and knowledge. Elaborate mathematical and analytical skills Ability to deliver desired results within a located time or with the available resources. Good risk assessm ent and management skills Excellent skills in giving out advices. Excellent Information Technology skills PERSONAL INTEREST A well organized individual used to working under minimal supervision, communicates well both in writing and orally, enjoys working in a humanitarian environment, punctual ,reliable and willing to learn with good academic record and strong capacity for directorial growth, self motivated with an outgoing personality and determination to succeed. I believe my interests and skills offer a strong foundation for a good career in Civil Engineering. I like being the mediator in times of conflict between groups or individuals. I am a good problem solver. I seek the chance to combine my interest and creativity in Physics to create and construct. I am drawn by the prospect of being able to interpret and translate ideas that are abstract into physical reality, and of using science to understand solutions that are innovative. My interest in Civil Engineering came at a youn g age when I visited some tall buildings back within our country. I have keen interest in the awesome potential that Civil Engineering has in reshaping the environment, pushing the boundaries of physical possibilities, while on the other hand making a true impact by solving problems that are practical. I am interested in going deeper into civil engineering and get even Masters and PhD credentials. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Place of Internship if any (Insert) Extracurricular Activities Attending seminars and technological quiz competitions. Taking part in youth festivals. Attending Guest talks and slide shows. Project presentation. Participating in debates and essay competitions. Participating in talent shows. Watching and taking part in drama. Singing. Referees (Insert) Mr. 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Place of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address and other contacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mrs. 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Place of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address and other contacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Dr. 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Place of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address and other contacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Work cited "44 Resume Writing Tips." Daily Writing Tips. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . "Sample Resume - Civil Engineer Resume." Enterprise IT Solutions and Services | Publishing, IT, Education, Energy, Insurance: Exforsys. N.p., n.d. Web.

Tesco report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tesco report - Essay Example Indeed, Porter’s five forces model becomes highly relevant part of that dynamic strategic initiative which helps the companies to meet the challenges of changing times. Five force analysis In the contemporary business, the creative input and innovative approach greatly facilitates in providing the goods and services with unique differentiating elements so as to gain leverage in the industry. Tesco’s five forces analysis become crucial elements of competitive advantage and can be broadly described as: industry rivalry; bargaining power of suppliers; bargaining power of buyers; competition from substitute; and threat of entry (Porter, 1980). The industry rivalry amongst the supermarket chain is important criteria for introducing cutting edge differentiating element in the products to gain leverage. Tesco’s major rivals in the industry are Sainsbury, Morrison, Wal-Mart, Asda etc. in UK. Grant (2007) asserts that identification and analysis of changing preferences of the people is important factor for firms to maintain their market position. Tesco’s major strategic win has been its people centric policies. It continuously strives to customize its products as per the changing requirements of the people. At the same time, the various outlets have also introduced local products to cater to the local demand. Thus, Tesco has become the first food chain that has adopted global values in its operation and values. Tesco has greatly expanded its business formats and product line and provides quality and customized products at relatively low cost. It therefore, has been able to bargain with its customers. The quality and creative input within the product gives huge advantage to the suppliers and puts one in a bargaining position. The bargaining power of buyers is also reduced when there is short supply of quality goods which have great demand. In the case of Tesco, the buyers increasingly prefer them because of their quality products which are dis tinctly differentiated from their rival through variety, customization and personalized customer service. In the age of technology, the competition from substitute become highly likely and the company needs to adopt innovative approach to its marketing. Tesco has judiciously exploited technology to initiate e-commerce activities and home delivery system. It has also adapted dynamic strategies which facilitate customized products and services. It also thrives in introducing elements of surprise within the products as well within the marketing of the products and services. Interestingly the threat from new entrants is one of the most significant factors which necessitate flexibility in strategic decisions and innovation. Globalization has hugely facilitated openings for new entrants. The entry of foreign supermarket chain like Lidl of Germany in UK, has further stiffened the competition and gives more power to the customers. Thus, speed and flexibility in introducing new products beco me highly essential for the existing firms and must be incorporated within their core strategy. Tesco’s strategy is focused on the needs and requirements of the people and makes continuous efforts to update its products line with that of the changing public demands. The threat is also considerably reduced because it is able to satisfy its customers by having different types of stores like Express, Metro etc which cater to different customer segment and provide huge product line

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Nursing research - Essay Example The third thing that I have learned in this course is the approaches of improving HCAHPS scores in an organization. In line with this, I will use this lesson in my workplace to ensure that my facility improved its scores. On the other hand, another thing that I have learned is the development of an action aid plan that aimed at achieving the objective of raising the HCAHPS scores. In line with this, I am going to design an action aid plan and inculcate all the elements such as the objectives, processes that should be addressed, the timeline of implementation, cost-benefit ratio, and the financial implications of the action aid plan on the organization and patients. Finally, I have learned about the important role played by the aspects of monitoring and evaluation of a program its implementation my workplace. In line with this, I will ensure that I monitored and evaluated a program during its implementation stage in order to take corrective measures or make decisions regarding the fut ure of the

The Entire Revamped E-Marketing Effort Through the Linked Term Paper

The Entire Revamped E-Marketing Effort Through the Linked - Term Paper Example PR Smith (2006) puts the marketing plan and the SOSTAC model in the strategic perspective when it states the following, â€Å"Finally, one question that commonly arises: Where would you put Target Markets, Marketing Mix and Positioning in SOSTAC? The answer is that Target Markets pop up almost everywhere. Target Markets are so important that once you have identified them in the objectives, they pop up all over a marketing plan - in the situation analysis, objectives, strategy, tactics and so on. A summary of the current marketing mix and positioning will appear in the Situation Analysis under a 'review' section. The future mix and positioning and target markets are often summarized under Strategy and explained in detail under Tactics†. Literature has been predicting healthy growth rates for the home furniture markets. Healthy growth rates imply that such rates are neither spectacular nor very low. â€Å"With an estimated value of over  £210 million in 2005, the home office furniture market is forecast to maintain reasonably healthy growth rates in the short-medium term, depending on external economic and other micro market factors. (Home,2006) In terms of looking at the trends in the demand for the products; the trends that have emerged from early 2000 have been consolidating and repeating themselves over the years. While the last 7 years trends have indicated that the customers preferred elegance combined with simplicity and space and cost-effectiveness; a newer refinement has been in terms of modern designs that are durable and long lasting. â€Å"In terms of NPD, stylishness is likely to be big.

Suitable media(a song, poem, cartoon, etc.) that can be used to Essay

Suitable media(a song, poem, cartoon, etc.) that can be used to illustrate a concept - Essay Example These are organizational behaviors that are undesirable but they depict how employees would behave if they are demotivated and lost faith leadership about their leadership by thinking (which later influenced their actions) that their organization represents all that is â€Å"soulless and wrong!". The most obvious negative element present in Initech was the alienation of employees. The first kind of alienation was the inability of the Peter Gibbons, Michael Bolton, Samir Nagheenanajar and Milton Waddams to appreciate the fruits of their labor because they cannot concretely connect how their jobs contribute to the software they are creating that made that Peter to stare at his computer all day. They despised their work and this alienates them from it which their rebellious and antagonistic behaviors showed. As a result of the alienation from work, Peter et al felt alienated from themselves because they feel that their jobs are sucking the life out of them with Peter Gibbons remarking â€Å"We weren't meant to spend it this way. Human beings were not meant to sit in little cubicles staring at computer screens all day†. ... Workers fall into place of what they do by the rational legal authority vested to its bosses which in the movie Office Space case was Bill Lumbergh whom the protagonist workers hated because he represent all that is â€Å"soulless and wrong†. It is important to stress that despite Peter, Milton, Michael and Samir loathe of Bill, Bill still continue to lord over them as Vice President because the structure of the organization provided him the legal authority to be the boss no matter how hated he was. This set up is what Weber called to be the iron cage of bureaucracy that employees are still in the organization even if it is spent in Gibbons terms â€Å"filling out useless forms...and listening to eight different bosses drone on about mission statements† because they needed the job. In plain language, the job may suck but they have to be there to make a living because there are bills and mortgages to pay. There may be no prison bars but certainly, the formal offices whic h Weber described as the place they do their specialized skills and reason to be in the organization also felt like a prison cell. Thus, the person in the organization is diminished and turned into a soulless or alienated bureaucrat because he or she still has to be there no matter how despicable the job and organization is. The movie of course is an exaggeration just like any other narrative to underscore certain points of which the moviemakers intend to impart to its audience which in this case organizational behavior of discontented and unhappy employees. One of these exaggerations is the penchant of their boss Bill to write memos reflective of Weber’s nature of organization to abide by formal written communications which in this case,

King Arthur Essay Example for Free

King Arthur Essay While significant attention is given to the potential historical origins of King Arthur, the Arthur who lingers in pop consciousness is the product of the romantic imaginings of literature and poetry. It is frequently asserted that he is a product of a medieval zeitgeist, which needed a heroic figure to represent the values of its culture. Arthur is a rather complex hero in the wake of the Greek heroes that preceded him, a medieval modern who stands in stark contrast to his classically antiquated predecessors. The tales identify Arthur as the bastard child of the lady Igraine. Merlin used his skills to help Uther Pendragon come to her under the guise of Igraine’s husband the Duke of Cornwall, and Arthur was the fruit of that adulterous union. Merlin takes Arthur and raises him, and when he reached manhood he becomes King of Britain. Arthur’s ascension is detailed as having begun with an embrace with his destiny by obtaining the sword Excalibur. Depending on how the tale is told, he either obtains it by pulling it from a stone or anvil, or it is given to him by the Lady of the Lake. Either way, this dramatically proves his worth despite numerous challengers to the throne. As King, Arthur takes a wife and assembles a gallery of knights who convene around a round table and go on quests in search of the legendary Holy Grail, as well as unifying the various geographical and political factions of Britain as one kingdom, governed under the utopia capital of Camelot. However, despite his desire for peace and prosperity for Britain, the foibles and flaws of his peers continue to disappoint him. Eventually he faces his own mortality, when he is challenged by his own son Mordred for the right to rule, despite his desire for a peaceable settlement. Mordred is defeated but Arthur is fatally wounded and dies. Arthur exemplifies a hero who struggles with duality. Despite the mythic stature accorded to him, his ability to command respect, his strength of courage and his fair-minded sense of justice makes him an exemplar of pure Christianity: liberal in disposition and democratic in temperament, but he is also rather arrogant and inflexible. His crusades also place him in a position in which he frequently neglects his responsibilities as a leader, despite having fought for the right to rule among petty bickering would-be monarchs. The Queen he romanced is left neglected during his adventures, and she betrays him through adultery. His cunning and courage is remarkable, but is witness only abroad never to be put to good use within the kingdom. The Greek heroes are significantly darker, which sets them apart from the rather romantic and idealist tone of Arthur’s mythical self-journey. Consider for example, Achilles: Like Arthur, he was born of an arranged union. Zeus was afraid of a prophecy which told that a child of Thetis would overthrow him, and thus provided for her to conceive with a half-mortal child. Whereas Arthur’s parentage was largely a design of Merlin’s to obtain a new protà ©gà © to raise, while Achilles’ parentage was a political one, insofar as the machinations of gods can be political. Additionally, Achilles’ alienation from humanity is more pronounced, because he is literally ‘less than human’ in his partial divinity, though this divinity makes him cruel rather than virtuous, a far cry from Arthur. The superhuman Beowulf is also comparable to Arthur. While he is able to defeat monstrous opponents in single combat, he parallels Arthur as a monarch whose grim demeanor softens as he ages, and concludes his life with a confrontation with his own mortality. He emerges victorious but fatally wounded, ready to embrace death with the same kind of acceptance that Arthur does.

Exclusion of Data Records from Documents of Web

Exclusion of Data Records from Documents of Web ABSTRACT: Ranking is tremendously significant in information retrieval. Most information on web is unstructured text in natural languages, as well as extracting information from natural language text is extremely hard. A lot of current effort has focused on obtaining knowledge from structured information on web, especially from web tables. But most significantly, title of a top-k page frequently evidently disclose context, which makes page interpretable as well as extractable. Rather than focusing on structured data as well as ignoring context, we spotlight on context that we can recognize, and then we make use of context to interpretless controlled or approximately free-text information, and direct its extraction. We spotlight on a prosperous as well as expensive source of information on web, which we describe top-k web pages. Top-k lists contain additional significant and appealing circumstance, and are additional probable to be helpful in search, as well as previous interactive systems. Unl ike web tables, which hold a set of items, items within a top-k list is typically ranked consistent with a principle described by title of top-k page. There are quite a lot of reasons to make use of the page title to recognize a top-k page. Top-K Ranker ranks candidate set as well as picks top ranked list as top-k list by a score function which is a subjective sum of two. Keywords: Top-k page, Web pages, Unstructured text, Ranking, Information extraction. 1. INTRODUCTION: World Wide Web is an enormous and speedily mounting repository of information. There are a variety of objects embedded in statically as well as energetically made Web pages. Web services moreover are used to respond exact conjunctive queries, which require quite a lot of search on Web and unite across them, if done physically by means of a search engine. In the earlier period,  information extraction was used on minute harmonized corpora. Accordingly, conventional information extraction systems are capable to rely on weighty linguistic technology tuned to domain of attention. These systems were not intended to extent comparative to the extent of corpus or number of associations removed, while parameters were unchanging and diminutive. A lot of current effort has focused on obtaining knowledge from structured information on web, especially from web tables. Consequently, understanding context is tremendously important in information extraction. Regrettably, in the majority of cases, context is conveyed in unstructured text that machines are unable to interpret. In the majority cases, description is in natural language text which is not unswervingly machined interpretable, even though the explanation has the similar format for different items. But most significantly, title of a top-k page frequently evidently disclose context, which makes page interpretable as well as extractable. We mark top-k pages in support of information extraction for reasons such as: Top-k data on web is large as well as rich. The top-k information is moreover prosperous in terms of content obtained for every item in list. Top-k data is of high superiority and it is normally cleaner than previous forms of data on web. Most data on web is in free text, which is tough to interpret. Web tables are structured, however merely an extremely minute percentage of them enclose meaningful as well as useful information. On the contrary top-k pages contain a general style: the page title hold the numb er as well as concept of items in list. Every item is considered as an example of page title, and numeral of items has to be equal to number stated in title. 2. METHODOLOGY: Most information on web is unstructured text in natural languages, as well as extracting information from natural language text is extremely hard. Some information on web exists in controlled or else semi-structured forms. It is true that entire number of web tables is enormous in entire corpus, however only an extremely minute percentage of them hold helpful information. There are a variety of objects embedded in statically as well as energetically made Web pages. An even lesser percentage of them contain information interpretable devoid of context. Rather than focusing on structured data as well as ignoring context, we spotlight on context that we can recognize, and then we make use of context to interpretless controlled or approximately free-text information, and direct its extraction. We spotlight on a prosperous as well as expensive source of information on web, which we describe top-k web pages. the proposed system which includes components: such as Title Classifier, which effo rt to be familiar with page title of input webpage; Candidate Picker, which take out the entire prospective top-k lists from page body like candidate lists; Top-K Ranker, which score every candidate list as well as picks most excellent one; Content Processor, which post process take out list to additionally make attribute values. Atop-k web page explains k items of meticulous interest. We build up a system that takes out top-k lists from a web corpus that holds billions of pages. Top-k lists enclose rich as well as expensive information. Especially compared with web tables, top-k lists enclose a well-built quantity of data, which is of superior quality. Top-k lists contain additional significant and appealing circumstance, and are additional probable to be helpful in search, as well as previous interactive systems. Unlike web tables, which hold a set of items, items within a top-k list is typically ranked consistent with a principle described by title of top-k page. Ranking is treme ndously significant in information retrieval. Fig1: An overview of system representation. 3. EXTRACTION OF INFORMATION FROM TOP-K WEB PAGES: The block diagram shown in fig1 reveals the proposed system which includes components: such as Title Classifier, which effort to be familiar with page title of input webpage; Candidate Picker, which take out the entire prospective top-k lists from page body like candidate lists; Top-K Ranker, which score every candidate list as well as picks most excellent one; Content Processor, which post process take out list to additionally make attribute values. The top-k information is moreover prosperous in terms of content obtained for every item in list. Top-k data is of high superiority and it is normally cleaner than previous forms of data on web. The title of web page helps us recognize a top-k page. There are quite a lot of reasons to make use of the page title to recognize a top-k page. For the majority cases, page titles provide to bring in topic of the main body. While the page body may possibly have diverse as well as complex formats, top-k page title includes comparatively comparabl e structure. Title examination is lightweight and well-organized. If title examination indicates that a page is not a top-k page, we choose to pass over this page. This is significant if system has to extent towards billions of web pages. A web page by a top-k title might not contain a top-k list. Candidate Picker step take out one or additional list structures which become visible to be top-k lists from a prearranged page. A top-k candidate has to first and for mainly be a list concerning k items, visually, it have to be provided as k vertically or else horizontally aligned standard patterns. While structurally, it is obtainable as a list of HTML nodes by identical tag path which is path from root node towards a convinced tag node, which is presented as a succession of tag names. Top-K Ranker ranks candidate set as well as picks top ranked list as top-k list by a score function which is a subjective sum of two. Subsequent to getting top-k list, we take out attribute or value pairs for every item from description of item in list. 4. CONCLUSION: Web services moreover are used to respond exact conjunctive queries, which require quite a lot of search on Web and unite across them, if done physically by means of a search engine. Conventional information extraction systems are capable to rely on weighty linguistic technology tuned to domain of attention which were not intended to extent comparative to the extent of corpus or number of associations removed, while parameters were unchanging and diminutive. In the majority cases, description is in natural language text which is not unswervingly machined interpretable, even though the explanation has the similar format for different items. Web tables are structured, however merely an extremely minute percentage of them enclose meaningful as well as useful information. Some information on web exists in controlled or else semi-structured forms. It is true that entire number of web tables is enormous in entire corpus, however only an extremely minute percentage of them hold helpful info rmation. spotlight on a prosperous as well as expensive source of information on web, which we describe top-k web pages. We build up a system that takes out top-k lists from a web corpus that holds billions of pages. While the page body may possibly have diverse as well as complex formats, top-k page title includes comparatively comparable structure. Top-k lists enclose rich as well as expensive information. The top-k information is moreover prosperous in terms of content obtained for every item in list. Top-k data is of high superiority and it is normally cleaner than previous forms of data on web.

sonnys blues :: essays research papers

At its best, James Baldwin's fiction is lyrical, intense, poetic, outrageous, improvisatory, brutal, and transcendent. The first time I read his short story, "Sonny's Blues," I was sitting in one of those massive chain bookstores, drinking coffee and trying to block out the pabulum coming from the Muzak. Imagine my surprise when I suddenly found myself choking back tears. The last three pages of "Sonny's Blues" are as good as it gets: Sonny breaks into a blistering piano solo, finally finding a voice for his repressed pain. Baldwin follows suit — capturing the rhythms, the longing, the give and take of the best jazz — in some of the most stunning prose I've encountered. Unfortunately, Another Country is not Baldwin at his best. In fact, it's possibly the most frustrating novel I've ever read. Here, Baldwin is so determined to explode the intersections of race, gender, and sexuality — and judging by the variety of sexual relationships on display here, he must have plotted those intersections on graph paper before sitting down to write — that he makes a fatal mistake: instead of being particularly insightful or even shocking, Another Country is preachy, sentimental, and, worst of all, boring. Rufus Scott is a young black man who makes his living playing drums in Harlem jazz clubs. When we first meet Rufus, he is wandering the streets, suffering from guilt over his treatment of Leona, a woman we later meet through flashbacks. Leona's and Rufus's relationship is based on a shared self-loathing: he feels unworthy of the love of a white woman; she has known only brutal relationships, having come to New York after escaping from an abusive marriage in the South. Rufus's brutality eventually sends her to an asylum, an event that plagues Rufus, leading him to jump from the George Washington bridge at the end of chapter one. The remainder of the novel charts the effects of Rufus's suicide on the lives of those closest to him. The most interesting relationship is between Ida, Rufus's younger sister, and Vivaldo, his best friend. Both are struggling artists: she a singer, he a novelist. In Baldwin's hands, they become a platform for long discourses on the legacies of racism. Before meeting Ida, Vivaldo has known black women only as sexual objects — the cheap whores he frequented in Harlem. Ida has likewise known white men only as victimizers — the men who leered at her and who broke her brother's spirit.

Public Relations Issues :: essays research papers

As the public relations manger I have been asked to outline issues with regards to the working conditions within this firm. I have had concerns about a variety of areas and I wish to address you all on them. As new employees you are required to do the same job as others in the same position for the same amount of money. Because you are new does not mean you should be paid any less than some one who has been working there the longer than you. An award is a document that sets out the rights and responsibilities of employees who work in a particular type of job, regardless of who they are employed by. An individual employer gets no say in an award once it has been put in place. The award is designed to protect the rights of employees. The system of awards developed from the English system in the 19th century when protection against employers who would do the wrong thing by employees when exploited workers are being paid a very low wage and are expected to work long hours. An Award wage is in place to protect you as employees from being paid less that of what is required. Awards set out the minimum wage and conditions of employment for specific employees. These awards can include things such as the minimum rates of pay and allowances, overtime, shift penalty and other penalty rates, how If the many hours of work are required and leave provisions such as sick leave or personal leave. The protection for employees given by awards is good, but it is not always a strong form of protection when put to work. Employees might find that their employer is underpaying them. In other words the employer is paying them less than they are entitled to under the ward which is illegal. Though many employees are often unwilling to do anything about it because they think if they do complain their employer will make it harder for them at work or find a way to get them dismissed which is no exception. The employers also have many rights just as you the employee does. Some of the employers rights include. Paying the correct wages and deducting tax from employee’s wages, Contributing to the employee’s superannuation. The superannuation guarantee has been in place since 1st of July 1992 and it requires employers to provide sufficient superannuation support for their employees.

Problem Solving for Elementary School Math Teachers Essay

In every teaching discipline, a strategy is usually employed in working out a problem, and in mathematics, the problem-solving process is employed. Problem solving process is a series that is used to solve a problem instead of solving the problem through intuition or memory but by phases of analysis and at the same employs thinking and logic. In a mathematical perspective, there are four steps: understanding the problem, devising a plan, executing the plan and reflecting on the issue (Alfred, 2007, pp. 46). Usually the first step is looking for clues that form the basis of understanding the problem. Basics of the question are digested and the clue terms are analyzed and understood. This is through obtaining the facts that can help in solving the problem and previous knowledge on the question can be brought into use. The next step is devising a plan that will be employed in working out the solution to the problem. The game plan should be defined and trying to flash back whether such a problem as ever occurred. Strategies are developed that will help in solving the question and strategies like employing formulas and simplification are analyzed. At this, time the order and appropriate formulas that will be employed are checked. Strategies that have been developed are used to solve the problem. Each step is dealt with depending on the conditions of that question. In solving the problem, operators, number sentence and structure are employed. This is the third step that indicates how the mathematical problem is solved. The final part is checking the process or reflecting whether the right question is answered and the right style is employed. At this phase questions such as how the problem was solved, what strategy was employed and whether the right steps were followed comes into play. Solving any mathematical problem, there are certain numbers and operands / functions that can be applied. Natural numbers is common during counting and includes the countable numbers: 1, 2, 3 †¦ which leads to whole numbers when 0 is included: 0, 1, 2, 3. They then gives birth to integers that combine natural and whole numbers: -2, -1, 0, 1, 2. Rational numbers in most cases are the fractions that results due to dividing of integers (Kamala, 2004, pp. 18). Integer division results into decimal numbers that may be either repeating or terminating. Those numbers that are non-terminating decimals, non-repetitive are irrational and examples are the pi and sqrt 2. However, when numbers are expressed as a fraction of number in relation with 100 is termed as percentage. The percent sign (%) is usually employed. The combination of irrational numbers and integer numbers results in real numbers. This is real numbers because there are the complex numbers that are formed by imaginary numbers. To bring the different numbers together to solve a problem operands are employed. Some of the common operands are add, subtract, multiply and divide (James, 2003, pp. 124). Number theory deals with properties of integers and methods that are used to manipulate them. On the other hand, sets are used to define those distinct objects. When the sets are arranged in symbolic form and with the help of mathematical notation yields the number system. A mathematical teacher has to know the difference between numbers so that the teacher can easily manipulate any computation requirements. Differentiating between integers and complex numbers because of the introduction of function i in imaginary numbers will enable the understanding of space designs and structures. Teachers’ ability in understanding the different number system and the methods that can be used in solving the problems at the required phases: problem solving steps is important in developing the student logic and thinking capability. The aspect of mathematical operation ability and different number system has expanded personal knowledge in knowing that there are many and different numbers that can be worked on (James, 2003, pp. 124). The relation between this numbers is small e. g. , the difference between whole numbers and natural numbers is the introduction of zero. Additionally, the use of problem solving steps makes it easy to solve a problem and develop the logic that the students will have to apply in different mathematical computations. Mathematics is an important discipline that is usually employed in different fields. Its application to one field is the same to some extent when employed to another discipline. Problem solving understating is important so that the concept that is behind the computation should stay in the brain for a longer time. The four phases that is used in mathematical computation develops the logic and thinking. References Alfred, W. (2007). An Introduction to Mathematics. New York: Kessinger Publishing C. , pp. pp. 45 – 49 James, L. (2003). World Mathematical Operations. London: Cambridge University Press, pp. 123 – 127 Kamala, M. (2004). Introduction to Computational Mathematics. New York: Prentice Hall Publishing, pp. 16 – 19

Law Enforcement Essay

Methodology In recent years, a trend has developed in law enforcement to encourage education. Several major police departments across the world are encouraging officers to seek advanced education (either a bachelor’s or associate’s degree) before joining the force and many other departments are verbally encouraging their officers to seek continuing education in everything from additional languages to police procedures. This education is being promoted in addition to the required stint at a police academy for what amounts to an on-the-job training program. This study is to determine if education level makes a difference in job attainment and promotion levels. The study discussed here will look at two measures of the impact of education on law enforcement. First, it will attempt to identify the impact that education has on recruitment and promotion within law enforcement. This will be a quantitative study to see if education leads to higher attainment in the field and more rapid promotion through the field. Second, it will attempt to measure the effect of education on the effectiveness of perceived effectiveness of the law enforcement officer. This portion of the study will be attempt to determine if education makes law enforcement officers better at what they do. For the purpose of this quantitative study, formal education will be defined as an attainment of tertiary level of education either represented by a bachelor’s, associates, technical degree, or the completion of formal training programs developed by professional or educational institutions. The study excludes the completion of police officer training as an acquired formal education because it is a requirement of the profession and subject to independent standards. Continuing education will then be defined as an acquisition of additional education beyond defined minimum standards of formal education (West Sussex County Council, 2006). In the event that an agency requires a minimum education level to achieve employment that fact will be noted as a factor within the study results. For example, the Illinois State Police require that applicants have attained at least a bachelor’s degree. In the event that other police agencies have similar requirements they will be noted in the study results. In an attempt to answer these questions, the researcher will evaluate the education levels held by law enforcement officials at varying levels of responsibility.   Law enforcement officers who receive their position by virtue of election rather than merit or appointment will be removed from the study (largely sheriffs) as this could skew the results in a manner that does not reflect the standards of professional law enforcement.   In some forms of American law enforcement, the preeminent administrative office (sheriff or chief of police) is an elected position and based more on politics than on law enforcement ability. Approach to Research As the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of education on employability and promotion of law enforcement, one aspect of the study will be to determine the rate at which education affects promotion within the department.   First, the study will attempt to determine if applicants hoping to become law enforcement officers are more likely to be hired if they have achieved additional education.   Then, it will attempt to determine if that education leads to their faster promotion within the agency. Within peer groups with like job assignments, the study will also attempt to determine if education affects leadership abilities or perceived leadership abilities. For example, the researcher will attempt to determine if among all patrol officers those with greater educational achievement are the de facto leaders within the organization. This will be a quantitative study done using employment records of several different police agencies. Demographic data will be gathered from employment records and surveys will be submitted to law enforcement personnel to ask those in charge of hiring and promotion decision what factors they consider when selecting officers for promotion.   The study will also use personal records to identify officers that have received commendations for meritorious service or been disciplined for inappropriate police behaviors as these factors should be included as indicators of the effectiveness of police officers as it relates to their education level. In addition to the questionnaire submitted to police personnel, the researcher will conduct interviews with several individuals responsible for the selection and promotion of police officers to acquire anecdotal evidence regarding the usefulness of education in attaining and retaining employment in law enforcement. Once the data is compiled from the employment records, a multivariate analysis will be conducted to determine the impact of education on the promotional process. The study will necessarily look at other factors which may impact promotion rates including union membership, length of service, gender, and work history. The second phase of the analysis will be qualitative in using the interviews and questionnaires from law enforcement officers and those who hire them to discuss the factors that contribute to preference in hiring and promotion. This section will be used to identify the second part of the research question, regarding the effectiveness of officers with additional education as opposed to those who do not have additional education. The study will also consider the data collected regarding merit commendations and disciplinary actions. This information will be used to track attitudes about educational importance. In the studies finding, this information will be compared to the actual data culled from personnel records to determine if perceptions and reality are coinciding. Hypotheses The primary research question is how the attainment of education affects the law enforcement officer in terms of employability, promotion and effectiveness on the job. To that end, the following questions have been identified as needing answers. Each question has been paired with the hypotheses it most closely ties to. Q1.     Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the standards used to determine the value of educational attainment? H1 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inclusion of formal education standards improves standards of recruitment, retention, compensation, and career development of police officers. H1ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inclusion of formal education standards does not improve standards of recruitment, retention, compensation, and career development of police officers. H2 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education affects the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. H2ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education does not affect the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. H3 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Existing educational programs are sufficient to support formal education requirements for officers. H3ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Existing educational programs are insufficient to support formal education requirements for officers. H4 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Existing promotional programs and retention rates reflect the value of educated officers H4ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Existing promotional programs and retention rates do not reflect the value of educated officers. Another question that the research will attempt to resolve is whether formal education makes officers into leaders. This will be primarily determined by the discussion of the leadership among peer groups. Q2.     Ã‚  Ã‚   Is formal education a determinant of superiority amongst peer officers? H2 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education affects the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. H2ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education does not affect the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. Q3.     Ã‚  Ã‚   What motivational programs are in place to encourage higher or continuing education among police officers? H2 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education affects the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. H2ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education does not affect the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. Q4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the determinants of successful employment of educated officers? H1 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inclusion of formal education standards improves standards of recruitment, retention, compensation, and career development of police officers. H1ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inclusion of formal education standards does not improve standards of recruitment, retention, compensation, and career development of police officers. H2 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education affects the attitudes and perceptions of police officers. H2ÃŽ ±Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formal education does not affect the attitudes and perceptions of police officers.       Works Consulted Bartel, Ann and David Lewin. â€Å"Wages and Unionism in the Public Sector: The Case of Police†, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 63, No. 1. (Feb., 1981), pp. 53-59. Lowenthal, Werner. â€Å"Continuing Education for Professionals: Voluntary or Mandatory?†, The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 52, No. 5. (Sep. – Oct., 1981), pp. 519-538. Wellman, Carl. â€Å"Upholding Legal Rights† Ethics, Vol. 86, No. 1. (Oct., 1975), pp. 49-60.   

Assessment and identification Essay

Assessment and identification are key elements in education, in particular, special education. Assessing students is essential to knowing where to begin with a student. No matter what the student’s ability is or is being, they all need to be assessed. After the assessments are done and evaluated, a teacher should have a better understanding of what level of performance the students are in the classroom. More than likely not all students will perform equally. The child needs further identification, a teacher needs to initiate a meeting with that diagnostician and get the students started in the Response To Intervention (RTI) process. The child is identified and then an IEP (Individualized Educational Plan) is created at and ARD(Annual Review and Dismissal) meeting. For Emotional or behavioral disturbed students, a BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) is usually utilized to assist the child and teacher to â€Å"pinpoint† troubled times of the day or particular settings that are not productive for that child and their learning process. Once the ARD meeting has taken place and the modifications have been approved and relayed to the teacher, the learning can begin. Learning can either be successful or not, depending on the approach and strategies used by the teacher. In order for the teacher to accommodate for students with learning disabilities, here she must use differentiated instruction and multilevel assessments. Not all students can learn or perform at the same level. One might suggest strategies or approaches, such as creating a syllabus allowing the students to know what will be covered and assignments that will be expected of them throughout the course. A calendar should accompany the syllabus to assist the visual learners. Technology could be used to present information, and to assess students. This method is especially helpful for a kinesthetic learner or one that has dyslexia. Visual learners could also benefit from the use of technology. Assessments need to be multidimensional with all learners in mind. Of course, the modification and accommodations should align with the student’s IEP. Teachers must know how to create an assessment that is tailored for all learners and remember both the high and low scoring students. In all areas of instruction, whether it be the first time information is being presented or not, the assessment must be given in a way that is effective and efficient. They must always remember to† go as quickly as you can, but as slowly as you must. †

Forever New Case Study Essay

Indian Retail Sector India is one of the most desirable retail destinations in the world. India’s twin growth engines of economic growth and demographic profile set it apart from other nations and present a compelling business case for global retailers looking to enter the market. PwC research indicates that India’s retail sector is worth US$ 350 billion and has a low organised retail penetration of 5 to 8%. Modern trade emerged during the 90s, primarily in the food and grocery sector, and is now growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15 to 20%. A large market potential for a range of categories is indicated by low ORP, increasing urbanisation, growing incomes, increasing consumer confidence, etc. India’s retail sector comprises organised and unorganised participants. Given the size of the country’s retail market, PwC research and other reports suggest that the 12 million mom-and-pop stores comprising India’s unorganised market can co-exist with modern trade players. Recognising the long-term growth potential of India’s retail market, some of the country’s largest conglomerates have allocated billions of dollars to launch large scale retail initiatives that span cash-and carry, food and grocery, books, music and leisure, gems and jewellery, footwear, apparel, accessories, etc. India-based retail incumbents are expanding their presence across a range of categories, experimenting with formats, launching private labels, strengthening supply chain systems and more. Global retailers are also assessing the Indian market with keen interest. They have recognised that the next wave of growth in terms of generating revenues, reaching new customers (including the large number of middle-class consumers) and harnessing research and development (R&D) and innovative skills. An aspiring middle-class of 300 million consumers, a large demand-driven population of 500 million young consumers and a relatively untapped rural population of 700 million people constitute the growth story. Besides, a strong GDP growth, rising consumer confidence, consumption-based behaviour, increasing incomes and a large pool of consumers have made India one of the world’s most attractive retail destinations. Major demographic groups are driving purchases across categories: Sources: PwC analysis Capgemini, Merrill Lynch Wealth Management India’s Retail Fundamentals: Market Size Compound Annual Growth Rate Unorganised Sector Organised Retail Penetration Retail Density Contribution to GDP US$ 350 Billion 15-20% 12 million mom and pop stores 5-8% 6% 14% Indian economy displays resilience in the midst of global crisis. Source: Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council, Government of India Demand drivers Demanding consumers: Indian consumers are demanding access to products and services that delight and excite them, are of good quality, and provide value for money. Increasing incomes: Strong GDP performance, capital market growth and the emergence of new industries are creating new millionaires and boosting income levels. This acts as an incentive for consumers to spend more on products. They are also experimenting with brands, trying new products, etc. Evolving consumption patterns: Traditionally, the focus of Indian consumers was on saving. However, positive macro-economic fundamentals, an evolving retail market, lifestyle influencers, etc. are ensuring that consumers spend more across categories. Other aspects, like the emergence of double-income households, easier access to credit and society’s acceptance of self-indulgence, are changing purchasing habits. Supply drivers Expansion: The growth of modern trade and expansion plans are enabling consumers to easily access retail products and services across urban, Tier II and Tier III cities and towns. Growth opportunities: Some high growth categories in the retail sector include children’s wear, accessories, consumer durables, leisure, apparel and footwear. New entrants: Some of the world’s largest and most prestigious brands and retailers have a presence in India. Those who have not yet entered India are assessing the market with interest. The central government recently took a decision to allow up to 51 percent foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail and raise the limit for overseas investment in single-brand retail to 100 percent. Benefits of FDI Consumers: plethora of options with better quality. Government Exchequer: Payment of indirect taxes through the supply chain by the modern trade players, primarily service tax. Farmers/Producers: Establishes efficient supply chains that links farmers and small manufacturers directly with retailers which maximises value for stakeholders. Together with back-end infrastructure, this will minimise wastage (especially of fresh foods and vegetables), increase farmers’ realisations, encourage best practices in crop management and improve food safety and hygiene. Unorganised Trade: Mom-and-pop stores can exist alongside modern trade players and can explore partnership models (e.g., sourcing, franchise partners) in a rapidly changing retail environment . India’s retail sector is an evolving market. The sector will grow and develop over the next four to six decades, since consumers will earn more, those below the poverty line will cross over, the gains from economic growth will be felt more inclusively, etc. Pune Retail Scenario The retail sector in Pune was earlier confined to a few markets which were unorganised, chaotic and crowded. In the last two years, however, the rise in modern retail outlets can be seen across the city. Koregaon Park Plaza, Inorbit, Phoenix Market City, Pulse, Kumar Pacific Mall and Amanora Town Center are the new ones that have joined the already existing malls like S.G.S Mall, Mariplex and Central to name a few. Source: CBRE India Retail Market View 2011 Source: CBRE India Retail Market View Source: CBRE India Retail Market View Pune has come a long way in recent times. The IT market, automobile boom, student community, thriving service sector, robust real estate market and increase in the number of professionals have led to an expansion of the city. This rapid urbanisation, and the new demands of Pune’s global citizens, has led to a rise in the number of malls, offering high-end brands. Introduction Forever New is a fashion clothing and accessories brand founded in Melbourne, Australia. It was started by Dipendra Goenka and Amanda Goenka, an Indian-South African couple in 2006. The brand celebrates the feminine beauty of women, a signature style flowing through every creative element. Collections are inspired by global trends in art, film, music and theatre as well as haute couture runway shows in Paris, London, Milan and New York. It was started as Dipendra Goenka saw an obvious gap which was not only restricted to the Australian market but all over the world. With Forever New, the Goenka’s targeted daughters who are willing to shop with their mothers, a group that flies well under the cultural radar. Normally it gets very difficult for a woman who is on her far side of 40s to struggle with hot pants and play suits of her daughter’s choice, and hence Forever New is a one of a kind store which makes women of all age groups comfortable and creates an environment for all ages groups who prefer ethereal to edgy range. Forever New has created a fashion empire based around the frilly and feminine It is one of the fastest growing Australian brands, Forever New emerged in late 2006 as a start up retailer and now trades over 250 stores in 11 countries globally. The company was restructured in 2010 to support it’s growth which values it at about $108 million, although the ownership remained unchanged. While Forever New is best known as an Australian retailer, the 250-store chain already includes outlets in China, India, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa and Turkey. While Forever New’s restructure meant that it was impossible to say how much the chain made in 2011. Accounts filed with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission showed that between June 25 and July 31 in 2011 it cleared $480,000 profit on about $1.9 million worth of sales. It had assets of almost $50 million and employed about 700 people. Forever New in India Forever New was launched in India soon after it was launched in Australia. It has its head office in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. It also has its branches in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad and Kolkata. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning In the Indian scenario the segment for Forever New will be women of almost all age groups starting from 15 years. They can be teenagers or college going students, fashion conscious girls, celebrities, elite class of women or house wives involved many in social activities etc. The target audience for frilly, ultra feminine products of forever new ranges from 15 to 60 years as the designs are on the classics edge. Along with that it does make collections inspired from the runway for the fashion conscious women. For the teenagers it has edgy, cute and girly designs. It has different price ranges for women of the elite class and celebrities and provides them with luxurious fabrics and designs. For the women aged 40-60 it has frilly, elegant clothes with a soft pastel palate so that it suits their age and style and doesn’t look flashy. Overseas it positions itself as a middle range brand which caters exclusively to women of all age groups primarily from 15 to 60, but in India generally after the age of 30-35 women do not prefer it. Hence in India it has positioned itself as a very chic, feminine, high fashion expensive brand which caters to women of age group from 15 to 35. The Marketing Mix Product: The products of Forever New are exclusively for women and have a wide variety under them. Under the clothing section they have dresses, tops, pants, skirts, denims, shorts, knitwear, coats and jackets. They widen their range with a beautiful collection of bags, sunglasses, shoes, jewellery, hats, belts, scarves and gloves. The products are very feminine, frilly, and classy and generally have soft colours. The quality of the products is very good especially the choice of fabrics or materials for each piece. Design-wise the products are according to the latest fashion forecasts or they are just plain simple classics. Price: Different products have different price ranges, starting from Rs 800 to Rs 15,000. Promotions: Forever New in India promotes itself through hoardings in malls. It also gives away its products for shoots in fashion magazines for which it gets due credit, hence displaying its latest collection through print media. Exhibitions are put up in Mumbai to create brand awareness. They also do mobile marketing by sending an SMS to every customer informing them about their new offers and sales. It gives away free catalogues to people who enter their stores to increase its brand awareness. It has an online shopping website which displays and sells the latest collections. Place: It sells through 2 different channels. Stores and Online. In India Forever New doesn’t have stand alone stores. They are located in malls. The head office is in Noida but the inventory is shipped from Australia to each store in India separately, even though the products are manufactured in China. Forever New, Pune Forever New is located in 2 different malls in Pune: ï‚ · Town Centre Amanora, Hadapsar Town Centre Amanora in Pune is a lifestyle retail centre, spread across 20 lac sq. ft. It is set according to world class standards, it is destined to be the retail and cultural epicentre of Pune, catering to both Western and Indian sensibilities, it has everything from premium to mass retail, cinemas, quick service restaurants, cafe’s and fine dining options. Town centre is destined to get a steady stream of customers, keeping them engaged throughout the day and create a profitable equation for retail partners. The location is an advantage for Forever New as it has almost all kinds of people coming to the mall out of which a majority are young women from the age group of 15-35 because the mall is situated right at the entrance of Amanora Township spread across 450 acres and is near the Magarpatta area, the hub of IT professionals. ï‚ · Koregaon Park Plaza Koregaon Park Plaza built on European concept, launched on 2nd March 2012 is a world class attraction with a premium retail mix and the epitome of â€Å"shop entertainment† where visitors will find a host of wonderful, engaging activities. The retail positioning of the mall is mirrored by its location in the heart of Pune, at Koregaon Park. This combination of centralised location and the mall’s world class architectural features positions Koregaon Park Plaza as an appealing destination for tourists & shopaholics of Pune. The location should’ve been an advantage for Forever New had the mall been as successful as promised but unfortunately Koregaon Park Plaza is not doing so well, but loyal and regular customers of Forever New do visit often and shop from there. Since the mall is isn’t doing well, it is very difficult to form new customer relationships leading to less brand awareness. Forever New in Town Centre Amanora, Hadapsar It is a small store in a rectangular format. Size: 375 sq ft. Approximately. The customers that come to this store are mostly young girls (teenagers), IT professionals or housewives of the upper middle or high class. Store Layout: The store in Town Centre Amanora is a small, congested store. It has very less space to move around. The focus does not go on the primary wall. The nesting table at the entrance takes up too much space. The trial rooms are big and well accommodating. There is no proper defined space for accessories. There is no defined path for the customer Forever New in Koregaon Park Plaza This store is in rectangular format with a fairly good size. Size: 400Sqft Approximately. The customers that visit this store are mostly loyal customers and are located far away from the Magarpatta area. It also has college going girls coming in to store. Women/girls from upper middle class or high class also come here to shop. Store Layout: The store in Koregaon Park Plaza is comparatively bigger and spacious. The store provides a well defined path for the customer. It has been put up in such a way that the focus goes on the right places. The store is very spacious and welcoming. It attracts attention. Common Features: Almost all the International stores have a Visual Merchandising guideline from their country head office that they have to follow. Some of them are: ï‚ · The collection stories and their display criteria. For instance, the way the story for is be spring it collection has to Tropical Fantasy and the displayed on the primary wall is already decided and ï‚ · ï‚ · The sent window by the display Australian head office. design too comes from the Australian head office. The basic store characteristics, like the humungous beautiful mirror behind the cash counter, the chandeliers, the white walls, the fixtures, nesting tables, trail rooms with maroon curtains, the chic and fun soundtracks, the comment book, the catalogues etc. Whatever things do not get sold off after a particular period of time are sent back to Australia. The collection is updated every month. Everything each store. Sales happen twice a year. This brand wants to ensure that the customer have a first class experience while visiting their store. So that when they walk out they form an image of the brand in their head and position it as a classy, feminine and delicate place. comes from the Australian head office directly to Brand Portfolio Like mentioned before, Forever New is an exclusive women’s wear brand. It has an ultra feminine style and the designs are inspired by classics and latest runway shows of New York, Paris, Milan and London. In India it is considered as an expensive brand. It uses expensive and delicate fabrics like silk and lace for its products. It provides a good visual experience when one enters its store. groups of women. The products are like the brand itself, delicate and beautiful. It has a wide variety of products and sizes for all the age Sizes Women’s Sizing Chart Measurement Point Bust Circumference Waist Circumference Hip Circumference 4 74 57 83 6 79 62 88 8 84 67 93 10 89 72 98 12 94 77 103 14 99 82 108 16 104 87 Clothing International Size Conversion XS S M L 4-6 8-10 12-14 16 Footwear International Size Conversion Australia US UK Europe 5 5 3 36 6 6 4 37 7 7 5 38 8 8 6 39 9 9 7 40 10 10 8 41 Ring Size Guide (measurement is the diameter of the ring) S/M M/L 17mm 19mm Product examples: Dresses: The stores comprised of almost 25 different types of dresses: Some of them were: 1. Cassie Embellished Strap Dress 2. Yvette Skater Dress 3. Ella Low Back Dress 4. Poppy Strapless Waterfall Dress The dresses had a very wide price range starting from Rs 2000 to Rs 15,000. The sizes varied from the kind of dresses available. In general the fastest selling sizes were 6 and 8. The slowest selling sizes were 12 and 16. Tops: The store comprised of almost 45 different kinds of tops Some of them were: 1. Trixie High Low Top 2. Koko Studded Pocket Tee 3. Chelsea Printed Tank 4. Mackenzie Roll up sleeve The prices of the tops ranged from Rs 1200 to Rs 6000. The sizes varied according to the different kinds of tops. The fastest selling sizes were 8, 10, 12 and 14. The slowest selling size was 4. Pants The store comprised of almost 20 different kinds of bottoms: Some of them were: 1. Isobella Draped Pant 2. Leya Casual Skinny 3. Arla Tuxedo Shorts 4. Oslo Piped Pocket Jegging The prices of the pants ranged from Rs 1200 to Rs 4000. The sizes varied according to the different kinds of pants. The fastest selling sizes were 8, 10 and 12. The slowest selling sizes were 6 and 16. Bags The store comprised of almost 15 different kinds of bags: Some of them were: 1. Lori Satchel 2. Ava Grace Small Bag 3. Ariela Hard Case Clutch 4. Lucy Stud Coin Accessories The store comprised of a lot of accessories: Some of them were: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Tilly Pearly Statement Ring Heather Beret Vanessa Lace Scarf Jaylyn Enamel Torque The store comprised of almost 15 different kinds of shoes: Some of them were: 1. Prianne Platform 2. Sonia Embellished Sandal 3. Candice Diamente Pump 4. Lolita The prices of the pants ranged from Rs 2500 to Rs 6000. The sizes varied according to the different kinds of shoes. The fastest selling sizes were 6, 7 and 8. The slowest selling size was 10. After studying the assortment of both the stores, it can be concluded that: The size 4 clientele in the Pune sector is less. The most common sizes are 8, 10 and 12. Oversized people generally do not prefer Forever New for dresses and shoes but they prefer the tops. Competitive Analysis According to the Pune Retail Scenario, the direct competitors of Forever New would be: ï‚ · ï‚ · Mango Zara Even though they have different styles and they all are from different parts of the world still in the Indian market these brands are competing against each other. Mango: Mango clothing is a Spanish multinational based in company Barcelona. It designs, manufactures and markets clothing garments and accessories for women and men. Mango opened its first shop in 1984. What started out as a small team began to grow as a result of an ambitious production system based on the philosophy â€Å"justin-time†, which defined product concepts, store design, quality standards, price and brand image. This solid approach has turned Mango into a Spanish fashion leader. Mango can be differentiated for having a highly-defined concept. The Mango concept is based on an alliance between a quality product, with an original design and a coherent and unified brand image. Dressing the modern, urban women for her daily needs is the formula they have analysed, adapted and applied in all the countries in which Mango is present. Zara: Since the moment the first Zara store’s doors were opened in 1975, the growth of the Zara fashion line has built a been unstoppable. In Zara famous the has brand competitive successfully clothi ng industry, worldwide thanks to their premium locations as well as a unique management system of design, production and supply chains. Unlike other fashion brands, it takes Zara only 10 to 14 days from the time they design new clothing until it arrives in stores. This â€Å"fast fashion† concept and operation allow Zara to always provide the most fashionable clothes to their customers, and the ever-renewed collections definitely help build brand loyalty. Brand Positioning: Factors Quality Variety Sizes Assortment Value for Money Price Design Style Forever New Good Fair Good Poor Fair High Good Good Mango Good Poor Fair Good Fair High Fair Poor Zara Poor Good Poor Good Poor Medium Good Good Mango in Pune has established itself only as a women’s wear brand. Unlike Forever New it has a very good assortment of products. It has a category of products which can be affordable by middle and upper middle class women and another category which can be affordable by elite classes. It has better quality but less variety. Zara in Pune opened up recently in 2011. It has great style and is up to date with fashion, but unlike Forever New it has sizing issues and most of their products are sold out or not available in proper sizes. It has poor quality goods when compared to Mango or Forever New. It is cheaper than both the brands but it doesn’t provide value for money. Forever New SWOT Analysis Strengths ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Filled in the brand gap of mother daughter shopping together. Unique Products Brand name Customer Loyalty Online Market Weakness lot of Indian consumers are not able to relate with the brand. Very expensive Weak Promotion Strategies Less brand awareness Emerging Markets Increasing Economy New Products Innovation New Technology Threats Intense Competition Substitute Products Substitute Market Losses due to low acceptance rate of consumers Strengths Forever New is a big brand name and a lot of consumers will be directed towards it cause of that. It has a USP of filling in the gap of mother daughter shopping together. It has exclusive products for women. It has high customer loyalty rate. Forever new has established itself in the online market which is the latest trend in the retail business. It ships to India free of cost which adds on to the rest of the advantages. Weakness A lot of Indian ‘mothers’ who go out shopping with their daughters won’t be able to relate to the brand. Another weakness is that due to the high prices of the products a lot of people do not prefer buying from there. It has poor promotional strategies and hence the consumers don’t notice it much and hence less brand awareness. Opportunities With the new technology coming in it would be easier to design and produce goods leading to faster innovation and new products. The economy is increasing and hence more and more people will be willing to spend on such brands. Threats There is intense competition from a lot of International brands as they are also looking forward to invest in the Indian Retail Sector. Substitute products and substitute markets at better deals will pose a threat to Forever New. Since the Indian consumers are not accepting the brand properly the company might go into a loss. Data Analysis and Interpretation Why do people shop from Forever New? Sizes Quality Pricing Design Style 0 Why do people shop from Forever New? 2 Style 12 4 Design 9 6 Pricing 1 8 10 Quality 5 12 Sizes 1 14 A majority of people shop from Forever New because of its style followed by its designs. Preferred Mall 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Town Centre Amanora Koregaon Park Plaza Preferred Mall According to my sample size the mall preferred to visit Forever New is Koregaon Park Plaza. What do people prefer buying? Tops Bottoms Dresses Shoes Accessories 3% 13% 37% 34% 13% Almost 37% of people buy tops from Forever New which is closely followed by Dresses (34%). How often do people visit Forever New? 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Weekly Fortnight Monthly Once in 6 months Yearly How often do people visit Forever New? According to my sample size a majority number of people visit Forever New monthly while hardly anyone visits it weekly. How much do people spend? 9% 18% 500-1500 1500-2500 32% 2500-5000 5000-10000 41% In this sample size 41% of people spend Rs 1500-2500 and 32% spend Rs 25005000 on Forever New. Which other brand do you prefer? 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mango Zara Promod Other Which other brand do you prefer? Maximum number of people prefer Zara if not Forever New. Problems faced 4% 4% 8% Style Designs Pricing 46% 38% Quality Sizes Other 0% According to this sample size the major problems faced in Forever New are sizes and prices. Preferance: Store or Online 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 Preferance: Store or Online 0 Online Store Many people prefer visiting stores over online shopping. Membership Card? 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Yes No Membership Card? A majority of people prefer a membership card for Forever New. Recommendations and Conclusion Forever New is moving at a very slow rate in Pune. It caters only to a limited clientele and many people are not aware of it as a brand. People who are aware of this brand and shop from it are not very happy with the sizes and the prices it offers to them. Along with that a lot of people complained that it has limited variety and goes out of stock fast. Despite all these issues, Forever New does have a brand loyalty and some people do follow it regularly, generally on a monthly basis because of its designs, style and quality. A lot of people are not aware about the online shopping facility of this brand and hence do not take advantage of it. The major backing of the online shopping market is that people prefer going to stores because they like the overall experience of actually touching the product and then deciding on whether to buy it or not. International Brands like Forever New are currently going through a bad phase in Pune because consumers are still in the middle of accepting such expensive brands. Growth Opportunities Even though the women’s wear apparel is booming right now, it still is a little congested. But if there is a proper gap like mother daughter shopping together in one store (similar to Forever New), it can easily fit in the Indian scenario, one just needs to work on the styles and sizes a bit so that the Indian mothers accept it more openly. Indians as consumers are still not ready to shell out a lot of money on apparels so if one can work on the prices and they come down a bit for a brand like this, it will be successful in the Indian market. References and Bibliography Winning in the Indian Retail Sector Indian Retail Report: Opening more Doors CBRE India Retail Market View 2011 http://www.forevernew.com.au/ http://www.canalwalk.co.za/shop.htm?shopMGID=35523 http://www.waterfront.co.za/shop/shopcontent/Pages/ForeverNew.aspx http://www.google.co.in/search?rlz=1C1LENP_enIN472IN472&sourceid=chrome&i e=UTF-8&q=globalhttp://www.zendesk.com/why-zendesk/customer/forever-new http://pune.mallsmarket.com/malls/koregaon-park-plaza-pune http://pune.mallsmarket.com/malls/town-centre-amanora-hadapsar