Elizabeth Cady Stanton Women s Rights - 978 Words

During the late 1830s through the late 1870s women had little to no rights when it came to certain situations. Some women Such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Catherine Beecher and Mary Livermore all had their different opinions on women rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton who was a woman activist believed that when it comes to marriage a woman should have the same equal opportunities as a man. Catherine Beecher a prominent writer believed that women should have no rights when it comes to abolition societies. Beecher believed that heaven had designated man â€Å"the Superior† and women â€Å"the subordinate† and that the purpose of life was for men to have the power to protect the women. Mary Livermore a former worker in the civil war always believed women should have the same rights as men. Now that the civil war is over she reflects on how society has changed when it comes to women rights. In the early 1870s â€Å"Women demanded that the boundaries of America democracy be expa nded to include them as well† . Elizabeth Cady Stanton wanted the idea of equality to be extended into women’s private home life with their family. She wanted the control that men had over their wives to end. Men were already upset that women had equality in the state and the church, they were not ready to recognize equality in the home. Because men were always taught to have higher authority, they believed that they hold the power under any system. Giving women freedom in the household would make them feel less in control.Show MoreRelatedElizabeth Cady Stanton : Women s Rights1922 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract Elizabeth Cady Stanton forever changed the social and political landscape of the United States of America by succeeding in her work to guarantee rights for women and slaves. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader in the 19th century for women’s activist and women’s suffrage leader. As an active American abolitionist, she gave many lectures and wrote books. Among those fighting for women’s rights, she was a primary leader. Though she was interested in women’s rights from many perspectivesRead MoreWomen s Rights By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1015 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in the 1920’s were expected to keep out of the public eye.  They were not allowed to vote, or serve on juries. Legally, they were supposed to be subordinated.   Women did not have the same rights as men pertaining to their political involvement. Because of this unfair inequality towards them, women decided to take a stance. In 1848 the movement for women’s rights was organize on a worldwide status. In July, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott created the first women’s rights convention inRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : A Radical For Women s Rights1105 Words   |  5 PagesLois W. Banner is the author of Elizabeth Cady Stanton: A Radical for Women s Rights. She is also the author of many other books based on women, such as Women in Modern America: A Brief History. Banner wrote this book in order to showcase to the world all of the situatuions that Elizabeth Cady Stanton faced and overcame. This very informative novel shows how Stanton has had doors opened for the population of women. She received her PhD at Columbia University. As a history professor at the UniversityRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : Women s Rights888 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton was a woman that can be best described under a countless amount of titles. She was a women’s rights activist, feminist, editor, writer, abolitionist, and the list continues. Living in a world in which women were made to feel inferior, Stanton utilized this oppression as a catalyst for permeating into male â€Å"territory†. Fortunately for her, particular opportunities came about naturally, being that she was raised in a privileged household. Her parents were of high respect in theirRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton: Fighting for Womens Rights Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton didn’t want to be remembered as a household but the women they will admire. The purpose of this paper is to explain the life of Elizabeth Stanton and how she had a huge effect on the outcome of seeking equal rights for woman. Early Childhood First of all, the most famous influential feminist lead was known when she was a child. Elizabeth was born in November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, NY (Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography). Her father was a judge andRead MoreEssay on Elizabeth Cady Stantons Fight for Equality 1252 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton was not just a mother, daughter, feminist, and writer; but she is the woman who changed the lives of women everywhere by fighting for equality. Stanton lived a normal childhood, but one that motivated her to never give up hope in reaching her goal. A quick background of her life will help better understand why she became such a powerful woman’s rights activist. Also, what she accomplished that changed history and how it still affects us today in 2011. I will also express myRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : America s First Feminist1222 Words   |  5 Pages Elizabeth Cady Stanton: America’s First Feminist Feminism. The word, depending on the person, could leave a sweet or sour taste. It means, simply, â€Å"The advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men†(oxforddictionaries.com). But the connotation varies, from the aggressive to the convincing. When the eight-letter word pops into someone s brain, they might picture powerful modern and inspiring figures, like Malala Yousafzai, the youngest person, maleRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stantons Heroic Qualities737 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction- background on mid-late 1800’s and the Civil Rights Movement. Define what it would take to be a hero during that time period. (Thesis) Elizabeth Cady Stanton demonstrated how she was a hero through her passion for women’s rights, her courage to stand up for what she believed, and her ability to overcome the discrimination that she faced all her life. Elizabeth Cady Stanton showed heroism through her strong passion for women’s rights. All throughout her life, Stanton’s actions showedRead MoreWomen s Degradation By Elizabeth Cady Stanton928 Words   |  4 Pagessexual rights. Our religion, laws and customs are all founded on the belief that woman was made for man† (Stanton) Believed to be one of the greatest and most influential feminists of not only her generation, but of all time, Elizabeth Cady Stanton paved the way for women and their rights in a time when they had none. Elizabeth, was one of the first feminist theorists in America and through her beliefs that women deserve equality and equal rights, she paved the way for the future of women and herRead More`` The Best Protection Any Woman Can Have Courage Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The best protection any woman can have is courage† -Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The antebellum period was of rapid technological change and westward expansion. This time rose a belief of Manifest Destiny and the rise of abolitionism. The antebellum period brought out great change to the nation ;however, the greatest change was the change of social attitudes toward the women in this time period. Women started slowly emerging out of their traditional roles in a fight to eventually be seen as an equal

HR Policy Manual Research Paper - 2584 Words

Human Resources Policy Research Paper Liberty University Rebecca Craighead Abstract All companies must develop, identify, and utilize appropriate human resource policies. These policies are a vital part of running any business. However, it is imperative that each company understands that their human resource functions must be created to meet the unique needs of that company and therefore cannot be lumped together into one tactic. Each company is different based on their size and the nature of their business which requires applicable human resource tactics based on the needs of each individual company. This paper is written to discuss the important aspects of a human resource policy for a small business of 15 to 20 employees.†¦show more content†¦(Richards, 2014) These processes also offer a more cost friendly option because it will result in reduced costs in the area of turnover, new employee recruitment, candidate selection, employee hiring, and productivity procedures. (Gà ³mez-Mejà ­a, Balkin, Cardy, 2012) Even after the selection and hirin g of staff members, the company still must ensure appropriate action is taken when it comes to employee transfers, promotions and maintaining secure and confidential records of such procedures. Human resource records, also known as personnel files, are a great tool to have when ensuring appropriate transfer and promotions decisions are being made. Personnel records should be made for every employee in order to store information such as performance evaluations, pay changes, disciplinary actions and trainings. (Gà ³mez-Mejà ­a, Balkin, Cardy, 2012) Employee processes help to create a strong workforce, improve performance, and reduce expenses which makes these processes a very important part of human resource policy because they necessitate compliance with both employment laws and regulations. When human resource laws are violated by a company, the organization can incur serious financial liabilities as well as issues with public relations both of which negatively impact the company . (Gà ³mez-Mejà ­a, Balkin, Cardy, 2012)Show MoreRelatedâ€Å"a Proposed Human Resource Information System Solution for the Agricultural Development Bank†.1235 Words   |  5 PagesInformation System Solution for the Agricultural Development Bank†. Executive Summary There are approximately 110 employees at the Bank. At present there are few formal Human Resource policies and procedures in place. Management is looking for a solution that can handle at least the following day to day HR functions: ï  ® Time Keeping ï  ® Vacation ï  ® Holidays ï  ® Leaves for sickness and other reasons ï  ® Evaluation and Performance appraisals ï  ® Recruitment In addition, the following featuresRead MoreCase Study Analysis Comm/2151460 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Analysis for ABC, Inc. COMM/215 UOP January 9, 2012 Korijna Valenti Introduction During my reach into the hiring issues at ABC Inc., it was found necessary to research and read more in today’s hiring process with the current job market. The following is an introduction of one specific company that recently requested a case study of a current internal hiring process that took place or did not take place. In this situation, a new campus recruiter was expecting to bring on 15 newRead MoreExploring A Career On Human Resources1379 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigation paper, I interviewed a Human Resources Manager (HRM) named Stephanie Russo. Growing up, I always knew I wanted a career in business but had no idea which aspect I wanted to focus on. I began my studies at San Jose State University as an International Business Major then declared Business Management. After taking several human resource (HR) classes, I discovered that I liked the well-defined functions and task of the HR department. With no ambiguity, everything had an order, a policy and a procedur eRead MoreYeast Lab Report1416 Words   |  6 Pagessections of the report must be written in paragraph form. 2. Do not use encyclopedias (Internet or otherwise), dictionaries ((Internet or otherwise), or personal web pages as sources for the report, this includes Wikipedia. You may use a textbook, lab manual, and/or article(s) in a published journal. You can find journal articles by going to the library website: http://www.lib.clemson.edu/ and selecting â€Å"Find Articles†, then choose the letter B, and then the database BIOSIS or BioOne, or choose the letterRead MoreThe Insurance Provider984 Words   |  4 Pagesfill in the admission sector will be effective in ten working days. The HR department will create the position and advertise it internally and externally, and ensure the position is filled within the next ten working days. The legal department, the HR, the CFO, and the doctors will discuss the optimal period to fill in the charts at the end of today. The HR department will have two working days to develop the regulation policy and avail it to the doctors (Adam Rachman-moore, 2004). The businessRead More Business Plan for New Airline Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to create a profitable and safe environment. Start up requirements: - Obtain business licenses/permits - Airport Minimum Standards - FAR 47 - Aircraft Registration - FAR 135 - Air Taxi Operators/ Commercial Operators - Manual Requirements - Manual contents - FAR 145 - Repair Station Certification - FAR 157 - Notice of Construction on Airport Operational Requirements: - FAR 43 - Maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration - FAR 61 - Certification: PilotsRead MoreCase Study - New Hire Mismanagement Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesInc., there were specific tasks and expectations that go along with the job title. The specific tasks were explained however, due to the improper planning and poor execution, the individual failed to deliver what was outlined in the job title. This paper will explain the failures due to improper planning, lack of experience and poor time management skills. Furthermore, areas that will be outlined from this case study will include various detailed causes as well as; different solutions to strengthenRead MoreRole of Human Resource Information System in Banking Industry of Developing Countries2276 Words   |  10 PagesHuman Resource (HR) objectives. HRIS is applied in personnel administration, salary administration, leave/absence recording, skill inventory, medical history, performance appraisal, training and development, HR planning, recruitment, career planning, negotiations etc. In developing countries, the banking industry has gone from a basic process to convert manual information keeping systems into computerized systems. HRIS has become a vital tool to IT enable HR processes. In this paper, the role of HRISRead More Human Resources and Organizational Strategy Essay2379 Words   |  10 Pagesand external environmental factors, more efficient strategies can be quickly implemented. The focus of this literature review is specifically on one of these mentioned variables. The paper will detail the relationship that Human Resources (HR) practices have with an organization’s strategic goals and vision. HR is defined by the Society for Human Resource Management as, â€Å"The function dealing with the management of people employed within the organization.† (SHRM, 2011). The primary functionsRead MoreUps : Success At Who s Expense Essay2096 Words   |  9 Pagesthe turnover rate for part-time and full-time union employees was at 150% (Bronfenbrenner, 1997). There are human resource issues that are impacting the company on a global level. These issues range from change management, leadership development, HR effectiveness measurement, organizational effectiveness, compensation, staffing: recruitment and availability of skilled local labor, succession planning, learning and development, staffing: retention, and benefits costs: health welfare (University

Violence and Media

Question: Describe and evaluate research into the effects of watching media violence on children. Answer: Introduction: The term violence is not new to the society or the human race, it always has been an increasing and fast enhancing problem which has been a big hurdle in the path of growth for the human beings living in the modern society. With increasing access to the explosives and the firearms, the efficiency and the scope with regard to the violent behavior certainly have brought out many of the harsh as well as unexpected results and consequences (Krcmar and Kean, 2005). Since, year 1960s, it is researched and evident that the exposure of the violence in the movies, television, cell phones, video games, and which has been shown at the internet sites enhances the risk of some acute violent behaviour, which in actual is filled with violence enhances the risk of all of them to behave violently (Scharrer, 2006). Refer the present review of the research evidence in concern it is critically assessed, plus the theory which involves the psychology explains the reason as to why the exposure to the world ly violence has detrimental the serious and true effects for and on both of the longer as well as the short runs is elaborated. Thus, the basic size refers the media violence effect is carefully and is compared with the other kinds of famous and well-known dangers and threats to the present society (Scharrer, 2006). Major Effect of viewing violence in media: Effects on the behaviour : Many of the early research on the effects of viewing of the violence refer the telecast on the on television which especially is concerned and is among the children has found a comprehensive and very desensitizing effect plus the potential for the cause and result of the aggression. During the year 1982, (Savage, 2004) the National Institute of the ill and the Mental Health certification, found these major outcomes and vital effects of notifying the seeing the violence on TV: The Kids may as compared to others become much less sensitive refer the sufferings and the pain of other people. The kids may also be much more fearful refer the world which exists around them. The kids may be much more expected and likely to come out with a behaviour in the aggressive or the harmful manner toward all others people (O'Keeffe and Clarke-Pearson, 2011). The significant researches, it has been found that the kids who continuously come in front of acts of violence practically are used to watch such kinds of activities for long hours on TV tend to get attracted to such negative facts much more easily in comparison to the other kids of the society. They also tend to show much more expected acts of such kind when they turn to be adults. Such kinds of nature which they develop in themselves turn them to become a danger to the society and to their own families as well (Krcmar and Kean, 2005).They become use to the criminal acts and also their minds gets destructed and they least care about the results of suck kinds of acts. The fact is also very interesting that, being very aggressive in the childhood do not in actual sense predict the watching of more of the violent TV as an adult, which also suggests that the Television watching can also be one of the main cause rather than being considered a consequence of the matters of the aggressive behavior. Thus, the significant researchers by some of the most famous psychologists such as the Brad Bushman and the Douglas Gentile has given their views that the exposure of such kinds of kids to the media violence is merely one among all of the several factors which may also contribute to the matters which results for the behaviors which are aggressive (Savage, 2004). While some have the view that such a kind of the exposure to the violence which is shown at the TV can desensitize the human beings to violence in the actual world and also some of the people who continuously watch the violence tends to start enjoying it after a stage plus no kind of humanity is left in their hearts as a result of so. The Impact of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents: Available research literature has been very compelling that the exposure of the kids to such a kind of media violence certainly plays a vital role in the etiology of the violent nature and behavior. At times, this has been a real task so as to determine that children who have been since long witnessing, watching or experiencing media concerning violence are undoubtedly at the much greatest state of risk (O'Keeffe and Clarke-Pearson, 2011). In such conditions, there appears to be a comparatively much stronger bonding or the correlation between the TV violence and also the aggressive behavior and that too within the vulnerable "at risk" stage of the adultery. Some of the learned researchers have clearly demonstrated that the kids get attracted to wrong doing which they watch on TV very soon as they get attracted and also tend to perform such similar acts in their actual lives as well. Before the adolescent age of just 4, the kids are very much innocent and are not capable to make a difference between the good and the bad, in such an age they may watch such violent activities and may also not get attracted to it or may also not try to opt them in their lively hoods but after they cross the age of 4, they ae well able to distinguish between everything, and thus prompt care is required to be given at this stage (Savage, 2004). Most of the Heroes are shown as violent, and also they are rewarded for the violent nature at the end of the commercials and the movies, but in reality, such things also divert the minds of the kids to do some things which are required to be done only by experts and or under the expertise presence. Weapons carrying, cl imbing the straight walls, killing the enemies with weapons excites the kids and they also try to do such activities which may at some stages bring about any kind of bodily harm to themselves or the others (Zhang, Xiong and Tian, 2013). Kids often lose their innocence after they see all these kinds of explosive stuff, as the scenes thrill them and excites them to be also of such a kind. Conclusion: Thus the influence of media refers the psychosocial improvement or the development of the kids is a profound (Scharrer, 2006). So, it is vital for the physicians to carefully discuss with their seniors or parents, for the kids exposure to local media and also to give proper guidance on the appropriate viewing of the media. The (AAP) which stands for the American Academy of Pediatrics states and suggests that the physicians discuss openly with the parents of the concerned kids all about the extent and the nature of the viewing of programmes by the kids on the TV sets at their homes (Savage, 2004). Guardians are strictly required to definitely limit the viewing of the TV of the kids to a just maximum of 1-2 hours each day and the programmes which are seen are also required to be monitored carefully so that no wrong thought makes a home in their minds at all. Overall growth of the kids is very much dependent upon the fact which they see on the media channels and thus this is a serious matter and requires concern of the parents, teachers and other guardians of the kids. References Gentile, D., Saleem, M. and Anderson, C. (2007). Public Policy and the Effects of Media Violence on Children.Social Issues and Policy Review, 1(1), pp.15-61. Scharrer, E. (2006). "I Noticed More Violence:" The Effects of a Media Literacy Program on Critical Attitudes Toward Media Violence.Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 21(1), pp.69-86. Krcmar, M., and Kean, L. (2005). Uses and Gratifications of Media Violence: Personality Correlates of Viewing and Liking Violent Genres.Media Psychology, 7(4), pp.399-420. O'Keeffe, G., and Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families.PEDIATRICS, 127(4), pp.800-804. Savage, J. (2004). Does viewing violent media really cause criminal violence? A methodological review.Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(1), pp.99-128. Zhang, Q., Xiong, D. and Tian, J. (2013). Impact of media violence on aggressive attitude for adolescents.Health, 05(12), pp.2156-2161.

International Business Country Analysis China Essay Example

International Business Country Analysis: China Essay At 9.6 million square kilometers, China is one of the biggest countries in the world. It contains the worlds biggest city, Shanghai, and is ruled from the capital of Beijing in the east. China has been the worlds most populous country for centuries and it makes up one-fifth of the worlds total population. Over 1.3 billion people live in China, which makes every five people in the world Chinese. China is the scene of the most extraordinary economic, social and political transformation of our time. However, it is a nation that continues to struggle with its enormous population, a strained environment, and an unequal distribution of wealth and opportunity. This paper will cover in-depth areas that explains the reasons for Chinas low fertility rate and how this ensures rapid population aging in this century, how open markets and trade have widen income and health gaps, and how policy changes and economic growth have spurred labor migration in China and how its attracted the worlds attent ion. Background and Cultural Environment Though there is a misconception that China and its 1.3 billion people have a common culture, China is one of the most diverse countries in the world. Chinas rich cultural environment is important for foreign companies to understand and take into account to ensure profitable business in China. In China and many other countries, culture plays a large role in how business is carried out with domestic or foreign companies. Whether it is the many dialects that the Chinese people speak or the proper etiquette to use with Chinese businessmen and women, foreign companies are challenged to briefly assimilate as a Chinese company of their own. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Country Analysis: China specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Country Analysis: China specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Country Analysis: China specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By far the largest cultural obstacle for foreign businesses to hurdle is the Chinese language and its many dialects. The Chinese people speak seven different dialects across twenty-three provinces, five autonomous regions, and four municipalities. Mandarin is the predominant dialect of the Chinese people and is spoken by over seventy percent of the population. Mandarin itself has eight different dialects of its own, spread across the regions of China. It is no wonder why many companies strive for employees fluent in Chinese dialect, especially Mandarin. China is also very rich in nationalities amongst its people. The Han people account for 91.9% of the population, while the other 8.1% account for fifty-five other nationalities. Businesses must understand the vital differences among the Chinese people to prosper from Chinas growing economy. Cultural differences between the Chinese and the rest of the world are even more present in the behaviors of the Chinese people. For example: it is common practice for gift-giving among business partners, but in China a clock should never be given because clocks represent death in Chinese culture. Also, being on time and having appointments are some other important facts that foreign companies must know about. There are numerous behaviors and communication practices that businesses must study in order to prosper in China. Having the knowledge and skills to smoothly execute foreign business will guarantee continued partnerships with Chinas emerging markets. Chinas Politics, Economic and Legal Environment, and Geography China has come a long way to be the world power that it is today. It is the worlds third largest country and certainly the most populous. The land is very diverse consisting of rainforests, mountains, valleys and plateaus and similarly has very different climates. The country borders fourteen other countries and is split into different regions. (Geography of China) Now known as the Peoples Republic of China, the countrys legal makeup is rooted in ancient culture and beliefs dating back to Confucian teachings, (Legal History of China). Confucius teachings stated, man was by nature evil and had to be controlled by strict rules of law and uniform justice, (Legal History of China). Chinese law now has developed in part due to the globalization of markets and the growing economy. Laws have been created to enforce rules and regulations as well as protecting Chinas industries. (Legal History of China). Doing business in China is much different than doing business in the United States or other western countries. When meeting with Chinese businessmen it is important to remember that their culture is much different than ours. In China the business matter comes second to the person. To the Chinese businessman taking the time to form lasting relationships is crucial. The relationships potentially could outlive the business. Having relationships in another country also helps the American businessperson to network. Another difference is the way they value time. Here it seems that we hold getting the job done to be the first priority. They are far more liberal in their time management, and the time it takes to do business is irrelevant. It is important to know the ins and outs of your business before doing business in China. They are sure to study your business before you arrive, and you must do the same. Having knowledge and looking into their business practices and the role they have in the community is a must before sitting down with them. Your partner must also have the same level of knowledge; if they appear weak to the Chinese chances are that that would signify the end of any business endeavor. To make meetings run smoothly it is recommended that all materials be translated into both Chinese and English. If you choose to have an interpreter, present him/her with the materials prior to meeting with the Chinese company. (Chinese Etiquette) The Chinese economy has changed greatly from the complete communist control in the 1950s. Chinas economys progress is due in part to their Five Year Plans which are a series of economic planning and goal setting characteristic of communist governments. (China and the First Five Year Plan). Whereas the government controlled all aspects of the economy before the country has moved into a new period that has been called a socialist market economy categorized by focusing on modernization and improving the quality of life throughout China, (Economy). The rapid growth of the countrys economy has lead to it becoming a major world economic power. However, this growth has come with many problems the country now faces. Due to the overwhelming population and its aging population the country is still relatively poor when it come to per capita terms, (Chinas Economy). Although rapidly growing the country has presented the country with challenges that China must face if it wants to have the worlds largest economy, (CIA World). China must find a way to gain new entrants to the work force and correct for the environmental damage that the rapid growth has caused. Prospect as a Trading Partner, Government Policies for International Trade, Direction and Terms of Trade, And Foreign Direct Investment for China China would be a great prospect for a trading partner. With the numerous trading opportunities, a potential trading partner will surely profit. Chinas economic reforms have introduced the economy to international trade and investments. As noted in an article in the International Monetary Fund, Chinas increasing integration with the global economy has contributed to sustained growth in international trade. Now, it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world! China is the United States third largest trader and is one of the largest Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) recipients. According to an article from The China Business Review, the United States exports to China have hit a new high. It has been said that during the last seven years, exports to China have surged dramatically, topping $65 billion last year (2007). You may notice that the store shelves in the United States are overflowing with products that are made by the Chinese. As stated earlier, China is the United States third largest trader. This is because of many reasons. First, the trade liberalization that followed Chinas entry into the WTO (World Trade Organization) was a key attribute. Another significant motive is that Chinas currency, which is called the renminbi, has appreciated about 20% against the US dollar since the year of 2005. That makes U.S. exports cheaper for importers and consumers. China continues to grow rapidly. Their imports and exports have grown faster than world trade for over twenty years. Chinas share of exports to industrial economies has increased and has become more diversified. They have become very important to regional economies because of their exports. Chinas diversification has caused them to become very important within the Asian economy. As a result, Chinas international trade has inflated progressively since the opening of the economy in 1979. Diversification has enhanced Chinas exporting. In the early 1990s, products such as footwear, clothing, and toys accounted for more than 40% of their exports. Today, most of their exports include electronics such as office machines and automated data processing equipment, telecommunications and sound equipment, electrical machinery, furniture, travel goods, and industrial supplies. Just as Chinas exporting is vital, their importing is crucial as well. Chinas trade has developed rapidly with imports from almost all trading partners. They are the third largest importer of developing country exports after the United States and the European Union. As a significant step toward normalizing its trade relations, China has been permanently granted most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment by other World Trade Organization members. As of result, many trading partners have eliminated many of their restrictions on imports from China. Chinas economic reforms have been instrumental in significantly reducing its barriers to trade and foreign investment. They are the largest livestock producer in the world and its energy use and reliance has increased swiftly in recent years. They have a governmental policy on international trade with the United States. The Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) was established in 1983 as a forum for high-level dialogue on bilateral trade issues (www.exports.ga.gov/china). In 1994, the United States and China governments strengthened the JCCT by establishing working groups covering trade and investment issues, business development, and commercial law. After the December 2003 meeting with President Bush and Premier Wen, the two agreed the Commission would be co-chaired on the United States side by the Secretary of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representative. It would be co-chaired on the Chinese side by the Vice Premier that is responsible for foreign trade. According to the sta tistics and research, China is becoming the new America. China is booming in the areas of importing and exporting; therefore, their country would be a great potential trading partner. Cross-national Cooperation and Agreements, Regional Trading Blocks, and FTAs The Peoples Republic of China has many trade agreements, mainly with other Asian countries. These include bilateral agreements with Pakistan, Thailand, New Zealand and the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN. China also has trade agreements with South American countries Peru and Chile. In addition to these bilateral trade agreements, China has two CEPA, Closer Economic Partnership Agreements, with former independent colonies Macau and Hong Kong and several less formalized trade agreements with European countries and the United States. Chinas trade agreement with Pakistan began in 2006 and is expected to triple the amount of trade between the two countries to 15 billion US dollars. China will reduce tariffs on livestock, aquatic products, vegetables, mineral products and textiles, while Pakistan will reduce tariffs on cattle, lamb, chemicals and machinery products with the goal of reducing the tariffs by 85% in the first five years and making 36% or the products tariff free within three years with the aim of eventually making 90% of the products tariff free. In 2003 China signed a Free Trade Agreement with Thailand. This FTA covered fruits and vegetables and is expected to reduce tariffs to zero on over 200 fruits and vegetables. Bilateral trade in produce has exceeded 5 billion US dollars in recent years. The Free Trade Agreement between New Zealand and China was signed in April of 2008 making New Zealand the first developed country to negotiate a free trade agreement with China. Products exported from New Zealand include dairy, wool, fish, minerals, scrap metal and some fruits. Products exported from China include carpet, clothing, footwear, textile products, steel, plastics and furniture. Its estimated that this will save 115.5 million US dollars in tariffs. The ASEAN plus three trade agreement is expected to be completed by 2010. Once completed, it will encompass 1.8 billion people in the countries of China, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It will be the third largest trade group in the world behind the European Union and North American Free Trade Area. China has two Special Administrative Regions, Hong Kong and Macau. These regions are governed by China but these SARs have more autonomy then the rest of the country. China has entered into CEPAs with both regions. These CEPAs reduce tariffs on goods exported to China, offer the SARs preferred opening to the Chinese market and facilitate the bilateral exchanges of goods and capital. The European Union sees bilateral trade with China as something of a mixed bag. For many countries, the opportunity to export their products to a market of billions has been a blessing but for those whose products must compete with low priced Chinese imports its been a difficult period. While some countries such as the Netherlands and Italy have found trade with China to be prosperous, others have raised questions about Chinese labor practices and a rising tide of Chinese exports to the EU. Overall though, trade between the two EU and China seems to benefit most. China has a large dynamic economy. In the past it sought to insulate itself from the outside world but in recent years has opened its markets to other economies. With billions of potential consumers and a GDP of 9.9% and rising, countries are lining up to develop regional trading blocks and free trade agreements with China. Even Chinas enemy, Taiwan, has signed a trade agreement with them. The future seems bright for China and its trade partners but some in the west think that the trade imbalance that these free trade agreements create will destabilize the economies of many countries around the world. Whatever the case may be, its clear that there will be no shortage of potential trading partners chomping at the bit to get into Chinese markets.